3qwr
Crystal structure of IL-23 in complex with an adnectin
Structural highlights
DiseaseIL12B_HUMAN Defects in IL12B are a cause of Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) [MIM:209950; also known as familial disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection. This rare condition confers predisposition to illness caused by moderately virulent mycobacterial species, such as Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine and environmental non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and by the more virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Other microorganisms rarely cause severe clinical disease in individuals with susceptibility to mycobacterial infections, with the exception of Salmonella which infects less than 50% of these individuals. The pathogenic mechanism underlying MSMD is the impairment of interferon-gamma mediated immunity, whose severity determines the clinical outcome. Some patients die of overwhelming mycobacterial disease with lepromatous-like lesions in early childhood, whereas others develop, later in life, disseminated but curable infections with tuberculoid granulomas. MSMD is a genetically heterogeneous disease with autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant or X-linked inheritance.[1] [2] Genetic variations in IL12B are a cause of susceptibility to psoriasis type 11 (PSORS11) [MIM:612599. Psoriasis is a common, chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with multifactorial etiology. It is characterized by red, scaly plaques usually found on the scalp, elbows and knees. These lesions are caused by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the dermis and epidermis.[3] [4] FunctionIL12B_HUMAN Cytokine that can act as a growth factor for activated T and NK cells, enhance the lytic activity of NK/lymphokine-activated killer cells, and stimulate the production of IFN-gamma by resting PBMC.[5] Associates with IL23A to form the IL-23 interleukin, a heterodimeric cytokine which functions in innate and adaptive immunity. IL-23 may constitute with IL-17 an acute response to infection in peripheral tissues. IL-23 binds to a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of IL12RB1 and IL23R, activates the Jak-Stat signaling cascade, stimulates memory rather than naive T-cells and promotes production of proinflammatory cytokines. IL-23 induces autoimmune inflammation and thus may be responsible for autoimmune inflammatory diseases and may be important for tumorigenesis.[6] Publication Abstract from PubMedAdnectins are targeted biologics derived from the tenth type III domain of human fibronectin ((10)Fn3), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Target-specific binders are selected from libraries generated by diversifying the three (10)Fn3 loops that are analogous to the complementarity determining regions of antibodies. The crystal structures of two Adnectins were determined, each in complex with its therapeutic target, EGFR or IL-23. Both Adnectins bind different epitopes than those bound by known monoclonal antibodies. Molecular modeling suggests that some of these epitopes might not be accessible to antibodies because of the size and concave shape of the antibody combining site. In addition to interactions from the Adnectin diversified loops, residues from the N terminus and/or the beta strands interact with the target proteins in both complexes. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis confirmed the calculated binding energies of these beta strand interactions, indicating that these nonloop residues can expand the available binding footprint. Structures of adnectin/protein complexes reveal an expanded binding footprint.,Ramamurthy V, Krystek SR Jr, Bush A, Wei A, Emanuel SL, Das Gupta R, Janjua A, Cheng L, Murdock M, Abramczyk B, Cohen D, Lin Z, Morin P, Davis JH, Dabritz M, McLaughlin DC, Russo KA, Chao G, Wright MC, Jenny VA, Engle LJ, Furfine E, Sheriff S Structure. 2012 Feb 8;20(2):259-69. PMID:22325775[7] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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