3r4d
Crystal structure of mouse coronavirus receptor-binding domain complexed with its murine receptor
Structural highlights
FunctionCEAM1_MOUSE Cell adhesion protein that mediates homophilic cell adhesion in a calcium-independent manner (By similarity). Plays a role as coinhibitory receptor in immune response, insulin action and functions also as an activator during angiogenesis (PubMed:16680193, PubMed:17081782, PubMed:18544705, PubMed:21029969, PubMed:21081647, PubMed:22496641, PubMed:22962327, PubMed:23696226). Its coinhibitory receptor function is phosphorylation- and PTPN6 -dependent, which in turn, suppress signal transduction of associated receptors by dephosphorylation of their downstream effectors (PubMed:17081782, PubMed:21029969, PubMed:22496641). Plays a role in immune response, of T-cells, natural killer (NK) and neutrophils (PubMed:17081782, PubMed:23696226, PubMed:22496641, PubMed:21029969). Upon TCR/CD3 complex stimulation, inhibits TCR-mediated cytotoxicity by blocking granule exocytosis by mediating homophilic binding to adjacent cells, allowing interaction with and phosphorylation by LCK and interaction with the TCR/CD3 complex which recruits PTPN6 resulting in dephosphorylation of CD247 and ZAP70 (PubMed:22496641). Also inhibits T-cell proliferation and cytokine production through inhibition of JNK cascade and plays a crucial role in regulating autoimmunity and anti-tumor immunity by inhibiting T-cell through its interaction with HAVCR2 (PubMed:17081782). Upon natural killer (NK) cells activation, inhibit KLRK1-mediated cytolysis of CEACAM1-bearing tumor cells by trans-homophilic interactions with CEACAM1 on the target cell and lead to cis-interaction between CEACAM1 and KLRK1, allowing PTPN6 recruitment and then VAV1 dephosphorylation (PubMed:23696226). Upon neutrophils activation negatively regulates IL1B production by recruiting PTPN6 to a SYK-TLR4-CEACAM1 complex, that dephosphorylates SYK, reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lysosome disruption, which in turn, reduces the activity of the inflammasome (PubMed:22496641). Downregulates neutrophil production by acting as a coinhibitory receptor for CSF3R by downregulating the CSF3R-STAT3 pathway through recruitment of PTPN6 that dephosphorylates CSF3R (PubMed:21029969). Also regulates insulin action by promoting INS clearance and regulating lipogenesis in liver through regulating insulin signaling (PubMed:18544705). Upon INS stimulation, undergoes phosphorylation by INSR leading to INS clearance by increasing receptor-mediated insulin endocytosis. This inernalization promotes interaction with FASN leading to receptor-mediated insulin degradation and to reduction of FASN activity leading to negative regulation of fatty acid synthesis. INSR-mediated phosphorylation also provokes a down-regulation of cell proliferation through SHC1 interaction resulting in decrease coupling of SHC1 to the MAPK3/ERK1-MAPK1/ERK2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways (By similarity). Functions as activator in angiogenesis by promoting blood vessel remodeling through endothelial cell differentiation and migration and in arteriogenesis by increasing the number of collateral arteries and collateral vessel calibers after ischemia (PubMed:16680193, PubMed:22962327). Also regulates vascular permeability through the VEGFR2 signaling pathway resulting in control of nitric oxide production (PubMed:21081647). Downregulates cell growth in response to EGF through its interaction with SHC1 that mediates interaction with EGFR resulting in decrease coupling of SHC1 to the MAPK3/ERK1-MAPK1/ERK2 pathway (PubMed:15467833). Negatively regulates platelet aggregation by decreasing platelet adhesion on type I collagen through the GPVI-FcRgamma complex (PubMed:19008452). Inhibits cell migration and cell scattering through interaction with FLNA; interfers with the interaction of FLNA with RALA (By similarity). Mediates bile acid transport activity in a phosphorylation dependent manner (By similarity). Negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis (PubMed:25490771).[UniProtKB:P13688][UniProtKB:P16573][1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] Cell adhesion protein that mediates homophilic cell adhesion in a calcium-independent manner (PubMed:1633107). Promotes populations of T-cells regulating IgA production and secretion associated with control of the commensal microbiota and resistance to enteropathogens (PubMed:23123061).[12] [13] (Microbial infection) In case of murine coronavirus (MHV) infection, serves as receptor for MHV S1 spike glycoprotein.[14] [15] Publication Abstract from PubMedCoronaviruses have evolved diverse mechanisms to recognize different receptors for their cross-species transmission and host-range expansion. Mouse hepatitis coronavirus (MHV) uses the N-terminal domain (NTD) of its spike protein as its receptor-binding domain. Here we present the crystal structure of MHV NTD complexed with its receptor murine carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1a (mCEACAM1a). Unexpectedly, MHV NTD contains a core structure that has the same beta-sandwich fold as human galectins (S-lectins) and additional structural motifs that bind to the N-terminal Ig-like domain of mCEACAM1a. Despite its galectin fold, MHV NTD does not bind sugars, but instead binds mCEACAM1a through exclusive protein-protein interactions. Critical contacts at the interface have been confirmed by mutagenesis, providing a structural basis for viral and host specificities of coronavirus/CEACAM1 interactions. Sugar-binding assays reveal that galectin-like NTDs of some coronaviruses such as human coronavirus OC43 and bovine coronavirus bind sugars. Structural analysis and mutagenesis localize the sugar-binding site in coronavirus NTDs to be above the beta-sandwich core. We propose that coronavirus NTDs originated from a host galectin and retained sugar-binding functions in some contemporary coronaviruses, but evolved new structural features in MHV for mCEACAM1a binding. Crystal structure of mouse coronavirus receptor-binding domain complexed with its murine receptor.,Peng G, Sun D, Rajashankar KR, Qian Z, Holmes KV, Li F Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jun 28;108(26):10696-701. Epub 2011 Jun 13. PMID:21670291[16] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
| ||||||||||||||||||||
