3t9t
Crystal structure of BTK mutant (F435T,K596R) complexed with Imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline
Structural highlights
DiseaseITK_HUMAN Defects in ITK are the cause of lymphoproliferative syndrome EBV-associated autosomal type 1 (LPSA1) [MIM:613011. LPSA1 is a rare immunodeficiency characterized by extreme susceptibility to infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Inadequate immune response to EBV can have a fatal outcome. Clinical features include splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, anemia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, recurrent infections. There is an increased risk for lymphoma.[1] FunctionITK_HUMAN Tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in regulation of the adaptive immune response. Regulates the development, function and differentiation of conventional T-cells and nonconventional NKT-cells. When antigen presenting cells (APC) activate T-cell receptor (TCR), a series of phosphorylation lead to the recruitment of ITK to the cell membrane, in the vicinity of the stimulated TCR receptor, where it is phosphorylated by LCK. Phosphorylation leads to ITK autophosphorylation and full activation. Once activated, phosphorylates PLCG1, leading to the activation of this lipase and subsequent cleavage of its substrates. In turn, the endoplasmic reticulum releases calcium in the cytoplasm and the nuclear activator of activated T-cells (NFAT) translocates into the nucleus to perform its transcriptional duty. Phosphorylates 2 essential adapter proteins: the linker for activation of T-cells/LAT protein and LCP2. Then, a large number of signaling molecules such as VAV1 are recruited and ultimately lead to lymphokine production, T-cell proliferation and differentiation.[2] [3] [4] Publication Abstract from PubMedImidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines were synthesized that function as irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. The syntheses and SAR of this series of compounds are presented as well as the X-ray crystal structure of the lead compound 36 in complex with a gate-keeper variant of ITK enzyme. The lead compound showed good in vivo efficacy in preclinical RA models. Imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines as irreversible BTK inhibitors for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.,Kim KH, Maderna A, Schnute ME, Hegen M, Mohan S, Miyashiro J, Lin L, Li E, Keegan S, Lussier J, Wrocklage C, Nickerson-Nutter CL, Wittwer AJ, Soutter H, Caspers N, Han S, Kurumbail R, Dunussi-Joannopoulos K, Douhan J 3rd, Wissner A Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2011 Nov 1;21(21):6258-63. Epub 2011 Sep 10. PMID:21958547[5] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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