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The lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase GH61D structure from the basidiomycota fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Structural highlights
FunctionLP9D_PHACH Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) that depolymerizes crystalline and amorphous polysaccharides via the oxidation of scissile alpha- or beta-(1-4)-glycosidic bonds, yielding only C1 oxidation products (PubMed:22132148, PubMed:30238672). Catalysis by LPMOs requires the reduction of the active-site copper from Cu(II) to Cu(I) by a reducing agent and H(2)O(2) or O(2) as a cosubstrate (PubMed:22132148).[1] [2] Publication Abstract from PubMedCarbohydrate structures are modified and degraded in the biosphere by a myriad of mostly hydrolytic enzymes. Recently, lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMOs) were discovered as a new class of enzymes for cleavage of recalcitrant polysaccharides that instead employ an oxidative mechanism. LPMOs employ copper as the catalytic metal, and are dependent on oxygen and reducing agents for activity. LPMOs are found in many fungi and bacteria, but to date no basidiomycete LPMO has been structurally characterized. Here we present the three-dimensional crystal structure of the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium GH61D LPMO, and, for the first time, measure the product distribution of LPMO action on a lignocellulosic substrate. The structure reveals a copper-bound active site common to LPMOs, a collection of aromatic and polar residues near the binding surface that may be responsible for regio-selectivity, and substantial differences in loop structures near the binding face compared to other LPMO structures. The activity assays indicate that this LPMO primarily produces aldonic acids. Lastly, molecular simulations reveal conformational changes including the binding of several regions to the cellulose surface leading to alignment of three tyrosine residues on the binding face of the enzyme with individual cellulose chains, similar to what has been observed for family 1 carbohydrate-binding modules. A calculated potential energy surface for surface translation indicates that P. chrysosporium GH61D exhibits energy wells whose spacing seems adapted to the spacing of cellobiose units along a cellulose chain. Crystal structure and computational characterization of the lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase GH61D from the basidiomycota fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.,Wu M, Beckham GT, Larsson AM, Ishida T, Kim S, Payne CM, Himmel ME, Crowley MF, Horn SJ, Westereng B, Igarashi K, Samejima M, Stahlberg J, Eijsink VG, Sandgren M J Biol Chem. 2013 Mar 22. PMID:23525113[3] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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