4hcu
Crystal structure of ITK in complext with compound 40
Structural highlights
DiseaseITK_HUMAN Defects in ITK are the cause of lymphoproliferative syndrome EBV-associated autosomal type 1 (LPSA1) [MIM:613011. LPSA1 is a rare immunodeficiency characterized by extreme susceptibility to infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Inadequate immune response to EBV can have a fatal outcome. Clinical features include splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, anemia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, recurrent infections. There is an increased risk for lymphoma.[1] FunctionITK_HUMAN Tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in regulation of the adaptive immune response. Regulates the development, function and differentiation of conventional T-cells and nonconventional NKT-cells. When antigen presenting cells (APC) activate T-cell receptor (TCR), a series of phosphorylation lead to the recruitment of ITK to the cell membrane, in the vicinity of the stimulated TCR receptor, where it is phosphorylated by LCK. Phosphorylation leads to ITK autophosphorylation and full activation. Once activated, phosphorylates PLCG1, leading to the activation of this lipase and subsequent cleavage of its substrates. In turn, the endoplasmic reticulum releases calcium in the cytoplasm and the nuclear activator of activated T-cells (NFAT) translocates into the nucleus to perform its transcriptional duty. Phosphorylates 2 essential adapter proteins: the linker for activation of T-cells/LAT protein and LCP2. Then, a large number of signaling molecules such as VAV1 are recruited and ultimately lead to lymphokine production, T-cell proliferation and differentiation.[2] [3] [4] Publication Abstract from PubMedWe wish to report a strategy that targets interleukin-2inducible T cell kinase (Itk) with covalent inhibitors. Thus far, covalent inhibition of Itk has not been disclosed in the literature. Structure-based drug design was utilized to achieve low nanomolar potency of the disclosed series even at high ATP concentrations. Kinetic measurements confirmed an irreversible binding mode with off-rate half-lives exceeding 24 h and moderate on-rates. The analogues are highly potent in a cellular IP1 assay as well as in a human whole-blood (hWB) assay. Despite a half-life of approximately 2 h in resting primary T cells, the covalent inhibition of Itk resulted in functional silencing of the TCR pathway for more than 24 h. This prolonged effect indicates that covalent inhibition is a viable strategy to target the inactivation of Itk. Covalent Inhibitors of Interleukin-2 Inducible T Cell Kinase (Itk) with Nanomolar Potency in a Whole-Blood Assay.,Zapf CW, Gerstenberger BS, Xing L, Limburg DC, Anderson DR, Caspers N, Han S, Aulabaugh A, Kurumbail R, Shakya S, Li X, Spaulding V, Czerwinski RM, Seth N, Medley QG J Med Chem. 2012 Nov 12. PMID:23098091[5] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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