4i9b
Structure of aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 from Solanum lycopersium (SlAMADH1) with a thiohemiacetal intermediate
Structural highlights
FunctionAADH1_SOLLC Dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidation of several aminoaldehydes (PubMed:23408433). Metabolizes and detoxifies aldehyde products of polyamine degradation to non-toxic amino acids (Probable). Catalyzes the oxidation of 4-aminobutanal and 3-aminopropanal to 4-aminobutanoate and beta-alanine, respectively (PubMed:23408433). Catalyzes the oxidation of 4-(trimethylamino)butanal and 4-guanidinobutanal to 4-trimethylammoniobutanoate and 4-guanidinobutanoate, respectively (PubMed:23408433). Catalyzes with low efficiency the oxidation of betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine (PubMed:23408433).[1] Publication Abstract from PubMedPlant ALDH10 family members are aminoaldehyde dehydrogenases (AMADHs), which oxidize omega-aminoaldehydes to the corresponding acids. They have been linked to polyamine catabolism, osmoprotection, secondary metabolism (fragrance), and carnitine biosynthesis. Plants commonly contain two AMADH isoenzymes. We previously studied the substrate specificity of two AMADH isoforms from peas (PsAMADHs). Here, two isoenzymes from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), SlAMADHs, and three AMADHs from maize (Zea mays), ZmAMADHs, were kinetically investigated to obtain further clues to the catalytic mechanism and the substrate specificity. We also solved the high resolution crystal structures of SlAMADH1 and ZmAMADH1a because these enzymes stand out from the others regarding their activity. From the structural and kinetic analysis, we can state that five residues at positions 163, 288, 289, 444, and 454 (PsAMADHs numbering) can, directly or not, significantly modulate AMADH substrate specificity. In the SlAMADH1 structure, a PEG aldehyde derived from the precipitant forms a thiohemiacetal intermediate, never observed so far. Its absence in the SlAMADH1-E260A structure suggests that Glu-260 can activate the catalytic cysteine as a nucleophile. We show that the five AMADHs studied here are capable of oxidizing 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde to the cryo- and osmoprotectant 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionate. For the first time, we also show that 3-acetamidopropionaldehyde, the third aminoaldehyde besides 3-aminopropionaldehyde and 4-aminobutyraldehyde, is generally oxidized by AMADHs, meaning that these enzymes are unique in metabolizing and detoxifying aldehyde products of polyamine degradation to nontoxic amino acids. Finally, gene expression profiles in maize indicate that AMADHs might be important for controlling omega-aminoaldehyde levels during early stages of the seed development. Plant ALDH10 family: identifying critical residues for substrate specificity and trapping a thiohemiacetal intermediate.,Kopecny D, Koncitikova R, Tylichova M, Vigouroux A, Moskalikova H, Soural M, Sebela M, Morera S J Biol Chem. 2013 Mar 29;288(13):9491-507. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.443952. Epub, 2013 Feb 13. PMID:23408433[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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