| Structural highlights
Disease
ATLA1_HUMAN Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1;Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 3. Spastic paraplegia autosomal dominant 3 (SPG3) [MIM:182600: A form of spastic paraplegia, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a slow, gradual, progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs. Rate of progression and the severity of symptoms are quite variable. Initial symptoms may include difficulty with balance, weakness and stiffness in the legs, muscle spasms, and dragging the toes when walking. In some forms of the disorder, bladder symptoms (such as incontinence) may appear, or the weakness and stiffness may spread to other parts of the body. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] Hereditary sensory neuropathy 1D (HSN1D) [MIM:613708: A disease characterized by adult-onset distal axonal sensory neuropathy leading to mutilating ulcerations as well as hyporeflexia. Some patients may show features suggesting upper neuron involvement. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.[11]
Function
ATLA1_HUMAN GTPase tethering membranes through formation of trans-homooligomer and mediating homotypic fusion of endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Functions in endoplasmic reticulum tubular network biogenesis. May also regulate Golgi biogenesis. May regulate axonal development.[12] [13] [14] [15]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Atlastin, a member of the dynamin superfamily, is known to catalyse homotypic membrane fusion in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Recent studies of atlastin have elucidated key features about its structure and function; however, several mechanistic details, including the catalytic mechanism and GTP hydrolysis-driven conformational changes, are yet to be determined. Here, we present the crystal structures of atlastin-1 bound to GDP.AlF(4)(-) and GppNHp, uncovering an intramolecular arginine finger that stimulates GTP hydrolysis when correctly oriented through rearrangements within the G domain. Utilizing Forster Resonance Energy Transfer, we describe nucleotide binding and hydrolysis-driven conformational changes in atlastin and their sequence. Furthermore, we discovered a nucleotide exchange mechanism that is intrinsic to atlastin's N-terminal domains. Our results indicate that the cytoplasmic domain of atlastin acts as a tether and homotypic interactions are timed by GTP binding and hydrolysis. Perturbation of these mechanisms may be implicated in a group of atlastin-associated hereditary neurodegenerative diseases.
Structural basis for conformational switching and GTP loading of the large G protein atlastin.,Byrnes LJ, Singh A, Szeto K, Benvin NM, O'Donnell JP, Zipfel WR, Sondermann H EMBO J. 2013 Jan 18. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2012.353. PMID:23334294[16]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Namekawa M, Muriel MP, Janer A, Latouche M, Dauphin A, Debeir T, Martin E, Duyckaerts C, Prigent A, Depienne C, Sittler A, Brice A, Ruberg M. Mutations in the SPG3A gene encoding the GTPase atlastin interfere with vesicle trafficking in the ER/Golgi interface and Golgi morphogenesis. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2007 May;35(1):1-13. Epub 2007 Jan 26. PMID:17321752 doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2007.01.012
- ↑ Zhao X, Alvarado D, Rainier S, Lemons R, Hedera P, Weber CH, Tukel T, Apak M, Heiman-Patterson T, Ming L, Bui M, Fink JK. Mutations in a newly identified GTPase gene cause autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia. Nat Genet. 2001 Nov;29(3):326-31. PMID:11685207 doi:10.1038/ng758
- ↑ Muglia M, Magariello A, Nicoletti G, Patitucci A, Gabriele AL, Conforti FL, Mazzei R, Caracciolo M, Ardito B, Lastilla M, Tedeschi G, Quattrone A. Further evidence that SPG3A gene mutations cause autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia. Ann Neurol. 2002 Jun;51(6):794-5. PMID:12112092 doi:10.1002/ana.10185
- ↑ Dalpozzo F, Rossetto MG, Boaretto F, Sartori E, Mostacciuolo ML, Daga A, Bassi MT, Martinuzzi A. Infancy onset hereditary spastic paraplegia associated with a novel atlastin mutation. Neurology. 2003 Aug 26;61(4):580-1. PMID:12939451
- ↑ Sauter SM, Engel W, Neumann LM, Kunze J, Neesen J. Novel mutations in the Atlastin gene (SPG3A) in families with autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia and evidence for late onset forms of HSP linked to the SPG3A locus. Hum Mutat. 2004 Jan;23(1):98. PMID:14695538 doi:10.1002/humu.9205
- ↑ D'Amico A, Tessa A, Sabino A, Bertini E, Santorelli FM, Servidei S. Incomplete penetrance in an SPG3A-linked family with a new mutation in the atlastin gene. Neurology. 2004 Jun 8;62(11):2138-9. PMID:15184642
- ↑ Rainier S, Sher C, Reish O, Thomas D, Fink JK. De novo occurrence of novel SPG3A/atlastin mutation presenting as cerebral palsy. Arch Neurol. 2006 Mar;63(3):445-7. PMID:16533974 doi:10.1001/archneur.63.3.445
- ↑ Meijer IA, Dion P, Laurent S, Dupre N, Brais B, Levert A, Puymirat J, Rioux MF, Sylvain M, Zhu PP, Soderblom C, Stadler J, Blackstone C, Rouleau GA. Characterization of a novel SPG3A deletion in a French-Canadian family. Ann Neurol. 2007 Jun;61(6):599-603. PMID:17427918 doi:10.1002/ana.21114
- ↑ Alvarez V, Sanchez-Ferrero E, Beetz C, Diaz M, Alonso B, Corao AI, Gamez J, Esteban J, Gonzalo JF, Pascual-Pascual SI, Lopez de Munain A, Moris G, Ribacoba R, Marquez C, Rosell J, Marin R, Garcia-Barcina MJ, Del Castillo E, Benito C, Coto E. Mutational spectrum of the SPG4 (SPAST) and SPG3A (ATL1) genes in Spanish patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia. BMC Neurol. 2010 Oct 8;10:89. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-10-89. PMID:20932283 doi:10.1186/1471-2377-10-89
- ↑ McCorquodale DS 3rd, Ozomaro U, Huang J, Montenegro G, Kushman A, Citrigno L, Price J, Speziani F, Pericak-Vance MA, Zuchner S. Mutation screening of spastin, atlastin, and REEP1 in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Clin Genet. 2011 Jun;79(6):523-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01501.x. PMID:20718791 doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01501.x
- ↑ Guelly C, Zhu PP, Leonardis L, Papic L, Zidar J, Schabhuttl M, Strohmaier H, Weis J, Strom TM, Baets J, Willems J, De Jonghe P, Reilly MM, Frohlich E, Hatz M, Trajanoski S, Pieber TR, Janecke AR, Blackstone C, Auer-Grumbach M. Targeted high-throughput sequencing identifies mutations in atlastin-1 as a cause of hereditary sensory neuropathy type I. Am J Hum Genet. 2011 Jan 7;88(1):99-105. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.12.003. Epub, 2010 Dec 30. PMID:21194679 doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.12.003
- ↑ Zhu PP, Patterson A, Lavoie B, Stadler J, Shoeb M, Patel R, Blackstone C. Cellular localization, oligomerization, and membrane association of the hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A (SPG3A) protein atlastin. J Biol Chem. 2003 Dec 5;278(49):49063-71. Epub 2003 Sep 23. PMID:14506257 doi:10.1074/jbc.M306702200
- ↑ Namekawa M, Muriel MP, Janer A, Latouche M, Dauphin A, Debeir T, Martin E, Duyckaerts C, Prigent A, Depienne C, Sittler A, Brice A, Ruberg M. Mutations in the SPG3A gene encoding the GTPase atlastin interfere with vesicle trafficking in the ER/Golgi interface and Golgi morphogenesis. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2007 May;35(1):1-13. Epub 2007 Jan 26. PMID:17321752 doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2007.01.012
- ↑ Rismanchi N, Soderblom C, Stadler J, Zhu PP, Blackstone C. Atlastin GTPases are required for Golgi apparatus and ER morphogenesis. Hum Mol Genet. 2008 Jun 1;17(11):1591-604. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddn046. Epub 2008 Feb, 12. PMID:18270207 doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn046
- ↑ Hu J, Shibata Y, Zhu PP, Voss C, Rismanchi N, Prinz WA, Rapoport TA, Blackstone C. A class of dynamin-like GTPases involved in the generation of the tubular ER network. Cell. 2009 Aug 7;138(3):549-61. PMID:19665976 doi:S0092-8674(09)00628-X
- ↑ Byrnes LJ, Singh A, Szeto K, Benvin NM, O'Donnell JP, Zipfel WR, Sondermann H. Structural basis for conformational switching and GTP loading of the large G protein atlastin. EMBO J. 2013 Jan 18. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2012.353. PMID:23334294 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2012.353
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