4itj
Crystal structure of RIP1 kinase in complex with necrostatin-4
Structural highlights
FunctionRIPK1_HUMAN Serine-threonine kinase which transduces inflammatory and cell-death signals (programmed necrosis) following death receptors ligation, activation of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), and DNA damage. Upon activation of TNFR1 by the TNF-alpha family cytokines, TRADD and TRAF2 are recruited to the receptor. Ubiquitination by TRAF2 via 'Lys-63'-link chains acts as a critical enhancer of communication with downstream signal transducers in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and the NF-kappa-B pathway, which in turn mediate downstream events including the activation of genes encoding inflammatory molecules. Polyubiquitinated protein binds to IKBKG/NEMO, the regulatory subunit of the IKK complex, a critical event for NF-kappa-B activation. Interaction with other cellular RHIM-containing adapters initiates gene activation and cell death. RIPK1 and RIPK3 association, in particular, forms a necrosis-inducing complex.[1] [2] [3] Publication Abstract from PubMedNecroptosis is a cellular mechanism that mediates necrotic cell death. The receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (RIP1) is an essential upstream signaling molecule in tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha-induced necroptosis. Necrostatins, a series of small-molecule inhibitors, suppress necroptosis by specifically inhibiting RIP1 kinase activity. Both RIP1 structure and the mechanisms by which necrostatins inhibit RIP1 remain unknown. Here, we report the crystal structures of the RIP1 kinase domain individually bound to necrostatin-1 analog, necrostatin-3 analog, and necrostatin-4. Necrostatin, caged in a hydrophobic pocket between the N- and C-lobes of the kinase domain, stabilizes RIP1 in an inactive conformation through interactions with highly conserved amino acids in the activation loop and the surrounding structural elements. Structural comparison of RIP1 with the inhibitor-bound oncogenic kinase B-RAF reveals partially overlapping binding sites for necrostatin and for the anticancer compound PLX4032. Our study provides a structural basis for RIP1 inhibition by necrostatins and offers insights into potential structure-based drug design. Structural Basis of RIP1 Inhibition by Necrostatins.,Xie T, Peng W, Liu Y, Yan C, Maki J, Degterev A, Yuan J, Shi Y Structure. 2013 Mar 5;21(3):493-9. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2013.01.016. PMID:23473668[4] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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