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Crystal Structure of of Axe2, an Acetylxylan Esterase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Structural highlights
FunctionAXE2_GEOSE Acetylxylan esterase involved in the degradation of xylan, a major structural heterogeneous polysaccharide found in plant biomass representing the second most abundant polysaccharide in the biosphere, after cellulose. Cleaves acetyl side groups from the xylose backbone units of the hemicellulolytic polymer xylan and xylo-oligosaccharides. Hydrolyzes about 20%-30% of the available acetyl groups on fully acetylated birch wood xylan. Completely deacetylates xylobiose peracetate (fully acetylated), and is active on both the alpha- and beta-forms of the sugar. Also hydrolyzes fully acetylated methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside and methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and the synthetic substrates 2-naphthyl acetate, 4-nitrophenyl acetate, 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate, and phenyl acetate.[1] Publication Abstract from PubMedGeobacillus stearothermophilus T6 is a thermophilic, Gram-positive soil bacterium that possesses an extensive and highly regulated hemicellulolytic system, allowing the bacterium to efficiently degrade high-molecular-weight polysaccharides such as xylan, arabinan and galactan. As part of the xylan-degradation system, the bacterium uses a number of side-chain-cleaving enzymes, one of which is Axe2, a 219-amino-acid intracellular serine acetylxylan esterase that removes acetyl side groups from xylooligosaccharides. Bioinformatic analyses suggest that Axe2 belongs to the lipase GDSL family and represents a new family of carbohydrate esterases. In the current study, the detailed three-dimensional structure of Axe2 is reported, as determined by X-ray crystallography. The structure of the selenomethionine derivative Axe2-Se was initially determined by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction techniques at 1.70 A resolution and was used for the structure determination of wild-type Axe2 (Axe2-WT) and the catalytic mutant Axe2-S15A at 1.85 and 1.90 A resolution, respectively. These structures demonstrate that the three-dimensional structure of the Axe2 monomer generally corresponds to the SGNH hydrolase fold, consisting of five central parallel beta-sheets flanked by two layers of helices (eight alpha-helices and five 310-helices). The catalytic triad residues, Ser15, His194 and Asp191, are lined up along a substrate channel situated on the concave surface of the monomer. Interestingly, the Axe2 monomers are assembled as a `doughnut-shaped' homo-octamer, presenting a unique quaternary structure built of two staggered tetrameric rings. The eight active sites are organized in four closely situated pairs, which face the relatively wide internal cavity. The biological relevance of this octameric structure is supported by independent results obtained from gel-filtration, TEM and SAXS experiments. These data and their comparison to the structural data of related hydrolases are used for a more general discussion focusing on the structure-function relationships of enzymes of this category. A unique octameric structure of Axe2, an intracellular acetyl-xylooligosaccharide esterase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus.,Lansky S, Alalouf O, Solomon HV, Alhassid A, Govada L, Chayen NE, Belrhali H, Shoham Y, Shoham G Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2014 Feb;70(Pt 2):261-78. doi:, 10.1107/S139900471302840X. Epub 2014 Jan 17. PMID:24531461[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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