4w8i
Crystal structure of LpSPL/Lpp2128, Legionella pneumophila sphingosine-1 phosphate lyase
Structural highlights
FunctionSGPL_LEGPA Cleaves phosphorylated sphingoid bases (PSBs), such as sphingosine-1-phosphate, into fatty aldehydes and phosphoethanolamine (By similarity). Possibly implicated in influencing the macrophage autophagy pathway. Publication Abstract from PubMedAutophagy is an essential component of innate immunity, enabling the detection and elimination of intracellular pathogens. Legionella pneumophila, an intracellular pathogen that can cause a severe pneumonia in humans, is able to modulate autophagy through the action of effector proteins that are translocated into the host cell by the pathogen's Dot/Icm type IV secretion system. Many of these effectors share structural and sequence similarity with eukaryotic proteins. Indeed, phylogenetic analyses have indicated their acquisition by horizontal gene transfer from a eukaryotic host. Here we report that L. pneumophila translocates the effector protein sphingosine-1 phosphate lyase (LpSpl) to target the host sphingosine biosynthesis and to curtail autophagy. Our structural characterization of LpSpl and its comparison with human SPL reveals high structural conservation, thus supporting prior phylogenetic analysis. We show that LpSpl possesses S1P lyase activity that was abrogated by mutation of the catalytic site residues. L. pneumophila triggers the reduction of several sphingolipids critical for macrophage function in an LpSpl-dependent and -independent manner. LpSpl activity alone was sufficient to prevent an increase in sphingosine levels in infected host cells and to inhibit autophagy during macrophage infection. LpSpl was required for efficient infection of A/J mice, highlighting an important virulence role for this effector. Thus, we have uncovered a previously unidentified mechanism used by intracellular pathogens to inhibit autophagy, namely the disruption of host sphingolipid biosynthesis. Legionella pneumophila S1P-lyase targets host sphingolipid metabolism and restrains autophagy.,Rolando M, Escoll P, Nora T, Botti J, Boitez V, Bedia C, Daniels C, Abraham G, Stogios PJ, Skarina T, Christophe C, Dervins-Ravault D, Cazalet C, Hilbi H, Rupasinghe TW, Tull D, McConville MJ, Ong SY, Hartland EL, Codogno P, Levade T, Naderer T, Savchenko A, Buchrieser C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Feb 16;113(7):1901-6. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1522067113. Epub 2016 Feb 1. PMID:26831115[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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