5d1f
Crystal structure of maize PDRP bound with AMP and Hg2+
Structural highlights
FunctionPDRP1_MAIZE Bifunctional serine/threonine kinase and phosphorylase involved in the dark/light-mediated regulation of PPDK by catalyzing its phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Dark/light-induced changes in stromal concentrations of the competing ADP and Pi substrates govern the direction of the reaction. In the dark, phosphorylates the catalytic intermediate of PPDK (PPDK-HisP), inactivating it. Light exposure induces the phosphorolysis reaction that reactivates PPDK. Phosphorylates PPDK at both Ser-528 and Thr-527 (PubMed:24710069). Can use ADP as a high specificity substrate and GDP as a lower affinity substrate, but has no activity with UDP (PubMed:21414960).[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Publication Abstract from PubMedPyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) is one of the most important enzymes in C4 photosynthesis. PPDK regulatory protein (PDRP) regulates the inorganic phosphate-dependent activation and ADP-dependent inactivation of PPDK by reversible phosphorylation. PDRP shares no significant sequence similarity with other protein kinases or phosphatases. To investigate the molecular mechanism by which PDRP carries out its dual and competing activities, we determined the crystal structure of PDRP from maize (Zea mays). PDRP forms a compact homo-dimer in which each protomer contains two separate N-terminal (NTD) and C-terminal (CTD) domains. The CTD includes several key elements for performing both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation activities: the phosphate binding loop (P-loop) for binding the ADP and inorganic phosphate substrates, residues Lys-274 and Lys-299 for neutralizing the negative charge, and residue Asp-277 for protonating and deprotonating the target Thr residue of PPDK to promote nucleophilic attack. Surprisingly, the NTD shares the same protein fold as the CTD and also includes a putative P-loop with AMP bound but lacking enzymatic activities. Structural analysis indicated that this loop may participate in the interaction with and regulation of PPDK. The NTD has conserved intramolecular and intermolecular disulfide bonds for PDRP dimerization. Moreover, PDRP is the first structure of the domain of unknown function 299 enzyme family reported. This study provides a structural basis for understanding the catalytic mechanism of PDRP and offers a foundation for the development of selective activators or inhibitors that may regulate photosynthesis. Structural Basis of Reversible Phosphorylation by Maize Pyruvate Orthophosphate Dikinase Regulatory Protein.,Jiang L, Chen YB, Zheng J, Chen Z, Liu Y, Tao Y, Wu W, Chen Z, Wang BC Plant Physiol. 2016 Feb;170(2):732-41. doi: 10.1104/pp.15.01709. Epub 2015 Nov, 30. PMID:26620526[6] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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