| Structural highlights
5db2 is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Method: | X-ray diffraction, Resolution 1.54Å |
| Ligands: | 58R, DMS, PEG, PG4, SO4 |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Disease
MEN1_HUMAN Defects in MEN1 are the cause of familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN1) [MIM:131100. Autosomal dominant disorder characterized by tumors of the parathyroid glands, gastro-intestinal endocrine tissue, the anterior pituitary and other tissues. Cutaneous lesions and nervous-tissue tumors can exist. Prognosis in MEN1 patients is related to hormonal hypersecretion by tumors, such as hypergastrinemia causing severe peptic ulcer disease (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, ZES), primary hyperparathyroidism, and acute forms of hyperinsulinemia.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] Defects in MEN1 are the cause of familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) [MIM:145000; also known as hyperparathyroidism type 1 (HRPT1). FIHP is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hypercalcemia, elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and uniglandular or multiglandular parathyroid tumors.[41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47]
Function
MEN1_HUMAN Essential component of a MLL/SET1 histone methyltransferase (HMT) complex, a complex that specifically methylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4). Functions as a transcriptional regulator. Binds to the TERT promoter and represses telomerase expression. Plays a role in TGFB1-mediated inhibition of cell-proliferation, possibly regulating SMAD3 transcriptional activity. Represses JUND-mediated transcriptional activation on AP1 sites, as well as that mediated by NFKB subunit RELA. Positively regulates HOXC8 and HOXC6 gene expression. May be involved in normal hematopoiesis through the activation of HOXA9 expression (By similarity). May be involved in DNA repair.[48] [49] [50] [51] [52]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Development of potent small molecule inhibitors of protein-protein interactions with optimized druglike properties represents a challenging task in lead optimization process. Here, we report synthesis and structure-based optimization of new thienopyrimidine class of compounds, which block the protein-protein interaction between menin and MLL fusion proteins that plays an important role in acute leukemias with MLL translocations. We performed simultaneous optimization of both activity and druglike properties through systematic exploration of substituents introduced to the indole ring of lead compound 1 (MI-136) to identify compounds suitable for in vivo studies in mice. This work resulted in the identification of compound 27 (MI-538), which showed significantly increased activity, selectivity, polarity, and pharmacokinetic profile over 1 and demonstrated a pronounced effect in a mouse model of MLL leukemia. This study, which reports detailed structure-activity and structure-property relationships for the menin-MLL inhibitors, demonstrates challenges in optimizing inhibitors of protein-protein interactions for potential therapeutic applications.
Property Focused Structure-Based Optimization of Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Protein-Protein Interaction between Menin and Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL).,Borkin D, Pollock J, Kempinska K, Purohit T, Li X, Wen B, Zhao T, Miao H, Shukla S, He M, Sun D, Cierpicki T, Grembecka J J Med Chem. 2016 Feb 11;59(3):892-913. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01305. Epub, 2016 Jan 25. PMID:26744767[53]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
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- ↑ Agarwal SK, Guru SC, Heppner C, Erdos MR, Collins RM, Park SY, Saggar S, Chandrasekharappa SC, Collins FS, Spiegel AM, Marx SJ, Burns AL. Menin interacts with the AP1 transcription factor JunD and represses JunD-activated transcription. Cell. 1999 Jan 8;96(1):143-52. PMID:9989505
- ↑ Chandrasekharappa SC, Guru SC, Manickam P, Olufemi SE, Collins FS, Emmert-Buck MR, Debelenko LV, Zhuang Z, Lubensky IA, Liotta LA, Crabtree JS, Wang Y, Roe BA, Weisemann J, Boguski MS, Agarwal SK, Kester MB, Kim YS, Heppner C, Dong Q, Spiegel AM, Burns AL, Marx SJ. Positional cloning of the gene for multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 1. Science. 1997 Apr 18;276(5311):404-7. PMID:9103196
- ↑ Toledo RA, Lourenco DM Jr, Coutinho FL, Quedas E, Mackowiack I, Machado MC, Montenegro F, Cunha-Neto MB, Liberman B, Pereira MA, Correa PH, Toledo SP. Novel MEN1 germline mutations in Brazilian families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Sep;67(3):377-84. Epub 2007 Jun 6. PMID:17555499 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02895.x
- ↑ Agarwal SK, Kester MB, Debelenko LV, Heppner C, Emmert-Buck MR, Skarulis MC, Doppman JL, Kim YS, Lubensky IA, Zhuang Z, Green JS, Guru SC, Manickam P, Olufemi SE, Liotta LA, Chandrasekharappa SC, Collins FS, Spiegel AM, Burns AL, Marx SJ. Germline mutations of the MEN1 gene in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and related states. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Jul;6(7):1169-75. PMID:9215689
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- ↑ Agarwal SK, Debelenko LV, Kester MB, Guru SC, Manickam P, Olufemi SE, Skarulis MC, Heppner C, Crabtree JS, Lubensky IA, Zhuang Z, Kim YS, Chandrasekharappa SC, Collins FS, Liotta LA, Spiegel AM, Burns AL, Emmert-Buck MR, Marx SJ. Analysis of recurrent germline mutations in the MEN1 gene encountered in apparently unrelated families. Hum Mutat. 1998;12(2):75-82. PMID:9671267 doi:<75::AID-HUMU1>3.0.CO;2-T 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1998)12:2<75::AID-HUMU1>3.0.CO;2-T
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- ↑ Teh BT, Kytola S, Farnebo F, Bergman L, Wong FK, Weber G, Hayward N, Larsson C, Skogseid B, Beckers A, Phelan C, Edwards M, Epstein M, Alford F, Hurley D, Grimmond S, Silins G, Walters M, Stewart C, Cardinal J, Khodaei S, Parente F, Tranebjaerg L, Jorde R, Salmela P, et al.. Mutation analysis of the MEN1 gene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, familial acromegaly and familial isolated hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Aug;83(8):2621-6. PMID:9709921
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- ↑ Mayr B, Brabant G, von zur Muhlen A. Menin mutations in MEN1 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Aug;83(8):3004-5. PMID:9709985
- ↑ Boni R, Vortmeyer AO, Pack S, Park WS, Burg G, Hofbauer G, Darling T, Liotta L, Zhuang Z. Somatic mutations of the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene detected in sporadic angiofibromas. J Invest Dermatol. 1998 Sep;111(3):539-40. PMID:9740255 doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00317.x
- ↑ Sakurai A, Shirahama S, Fujimori M, Katai M, Itakura Y, Kobayashi S, Amano J, Fukushima Y, Hashizume K. Novel MEN1 gene mutations in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. J Hum Genet. 1998;43(3):199-201. PMID:9747036 doi:10.1007/s100380050070
- ↑ Sato M, Matsubara S, Miyauchi A, Ohye H, Imachi H, Murao K, Takahara J. Identification of five novel germline mutations of the MEN1 gene in Japanese multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) families. J Med Genet. 1998 Nov;35(11):915-9. PMID:9832038
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- ↑ Mutch MG, Dilley WG, Sanjurjo F, DeBenedetti MK, Doherty GM, Wells SA Jr, Goodfellow PJ, Lairmore TC. Germline mutations in the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 gene: evidence for frequent splicing defects. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(3):175-85. PMID:10090472 doi:<175::AID-HUMU1>3.0.CO;2-R 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)13:3<175::AID-HUMU1>3.0.CO;2-R
- ↑ Engelbach M, Forst T, Hankeln T, Tratzky M, Heerdt S, Pfutzner A, Kann P, Kunt T, Schneider S, Schmidt ER, Beyer J. Germline mutations in the MEN1 gene: creation of a new splice acceptor site and insertion of 7 intron nucleotides into the mRNA. Int J Mol Med. 1999 Nov;4(5):483-5. PMID:10534569
- ↑ Bergman L, Teh B, Cardinal J, Palmer J, Walters M, Shepherd J, Cameron D, Hayward N. Identification of MEN1 gene mutations in families with MEN 1 and related disorders. Br J Cancer. 2000 Oct;83(8):1009-14. PMID:10993647 doi:10.1054/bjoc.2000.1380
- ↑ Roijers JF, de Wit MJ, van der Luijt RB, Ploos van Amstel HK, Hoppener JW, Lips CJ. Criteria for mutation analysis in MEN 1-suspected patients: MEN 1 case-finding. Eur J Clin Invest. 2000 Jun;30(6):487-92. PMID:10849016
- ↑ Morelli A, Falchetti A, Martineti V, Becherini L, Mark M, Friedman E, Brandi ML. MEN1 gene mutation analysis in Italian patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Eur J Endocrinol. 2000 Feb;142(2):131-7. PMID:10664520
- ↑ Weinhaeusel A, Vierhapper H, Schlegl R, Wagner T, Muhr D, Scheuba C, Niederle B, Haas OA. A novel mutation E179K of the MEN1 gene predisposes for multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 1 (MEN1). Hum Mutat. 2000 Dec;16(6):533. PMID:11102994 doi:<533::AID-HUMU22>3.0.CO;2-5 10.1002/1098-1004(200012)16:6<533::AID-HUMU22>3.0.CO;2-5
- ↑ Stratakis CA, Schussheim DH, Freedman SM, Keil MF, Pack SD, Agarwal SK, Skarulis MC, Weil RJ, Lubensky IA, Zhuang Z, Oldfield EH, Marx SJ. Pituitary macroadenoma in a 5-year-old: an early expression of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Dec;85(12):4776-80. PMID:11134142
- ↑ Asteria C, Faglia G, Roncoroni R, Borretta G, Ribotto P, Beck-Peccoz P. Identification of three novel menin mutations (c.741delGTCA, c.1348T>C, c.1785delA) in unrelated Italian families affected with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: Additional information for mutational screening. Hum Mutat. 2001 Mar;17(3):237. PMID:11241849 doi:10.1002/humu.12
- ↑ Wautot V, Vercherat C, Lespinasse J, Chambe B, Lenoir GM, Zhang CX, Porchet N, Cordier M, Beroud C, Calender A. Germline mutation profile of MEN1 in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: search for correlation between phenotype and the functional domains of the MEN1 protein. Hum Mutat. 2002 Jul;20(1):35-47. PMID:12112656 doi:10.1002/humu.10092
- ↑ Okamoto H, Tamada A, Hai N, Doi M, Uchimura I, Hirata Y, Kosugi S. A novel six-nucleotide insertion in exon 4 of the MEN1 gene, 878insCTGCAG, in three patients with familial insulinoma and primary hyperparathyroidism. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2002 Sep;32(9):368-70. PMID:12417605
- ↑ Turner JJ, Leotlela PD, Pannett AA, Forbes SA, Bassett JH, Harding B, Christie PT, Bowen-Jones D, Ellard S, Hattersley A, Jackson CE, Pope R, Quarrell OW, Trembath R, Thakker RV. Frequent occurrence of an intron 4 mutation in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jun;87(6):2688-93. PMID:12050235
- ↑ Pannett AA, Kennedy AM, Turner JJ, Forbes SA, Cavaco BM, Bassett JH, Cianferotti L, Harding B, Shine B, Flinter F, Maidment CG, Trembath R, Thakker RV. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) germline mutations in familial isolated primary hyperparathyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2003 May;58(5):639-46. PMID:12699448
- ↑ Park JH, Kim IJ, Kang HC, Lee SH, Shin Y, Kim KH, Lim SB, Kang SB, Lee K, Kim SY, Lee MS, Lee MK, Park JH, Moon SD, Park JG. Germline mutations of the MEN1 gene in Korean families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) or MEN1-related disorders. Clin Genet. 2003 Jul;64(1):48-53. PMID:12791038
- ↑ Crepin M, Escande F, Pigny P, Buisine MP, Calender A, Porchet N, Odou MF. Efficient mutation detection in MEN1 gene using a combination of single-strand conformation polymorphism (MDGA) and heteroduplex analysis. Electrophoresis. 2003 Jan;24(1-2):26-33. PMID:12652570 doi:10.1002/elps.200390023
- ↑ Ukita C, Yamaguchi M, Tanaka T, Shigeta H, Nishikawa M. A novel missense mutation of the MEN1 gene in a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 patient associated with carcinoid syndrome. Intern Med. 2003 Nov;42(11):1112-6. PMID:14686752
- ↑ Cebrian A, Ruiz-Llorente S, Cascon A, Pollan M, Diez JJ, Pico A, Telleria D, Benitez J, Robledo M. Mutational and gross deletion study of the MEN1 gene and correlation with clinical features in Spanish patients. J Med Genet. 2003 May;40(5):e72. PMID:12746426
- ↑ Jap TS, Chiu CY, Won JG, Wu YC, Chen HS. Novel mutations in the MEN1 gene in subjects with multiple endocrine neoplasia-1. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005 Mar;62(3):336-42. PMID:15730416 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02219.x
- ↑ Klein RD, Salih S, Bessoni J, Bale AE. Clinical testing for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 in a DNA diagnostic laboratory. Genet Med. 2005 Feb;7(2):131-8. PMID:15714081 doi:10.109701.GIM.0000153663.62300.F8
- ↑ Poncin J, Abs R, Velkeniers B, Bonduelle M, Abramowicz M, Legros JJ, Verloes A, Meurisse M, Van Gaal L, Verellen C, Koulischer L, Beckers A. Mutation analysis of the MEN1 gene in Belgian patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and related diseases. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(1):54-60. PMID:9888389 doi:<54::AID-HUMU6>3.0.CO;2-K 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)13:1<54::AID-HUMU6>3.0.CO;2-K
- ↑ Pannett AA, Kennedy AM, Turner JJ, Forbes SA, Cavaco BM, Bassett JH, Cianferotti L, Harding B, Shine B, Flinter F, Maidment CG, Trembath R, Thakker RV. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) germline mutations in familial isolated primary hyperparathyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2003 May;58(5):639-46. PMID:12699448
- ↑ Teh BT, Esapa CT, Houlston R, Grandell U, Farnebo F, Nordenskjold M, Pearce CJ, Carmichael D, Larsson C, Harris PE. A family with isolated hyperparathyroidism segregating a missense MEN1 mutation and showing loss of the wild-type alleles in the parathyroid tumors. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Nov;63(5):1544-9. PMID:9792884 doi:10.1086/302097
- ↑ Fujimori M, Shirahama S, Sakurai A, Hashizume K, Hama Y, Ito K, Shingu K, Kobayashi S, Amano J, Fukushima Y. Novel V184E MEN1 germline mutation in a Japanese kindred with familial hyperparathyroidism. Am J Med Genet. 1998 Nov 16;80(3):221-2. PMID:9843042
- ↑ Honda M, Tsukada T, Tanaka H, Maruyama K, Yamaguchi K, Obara T, Yamaji T, Ishibashi M. A novel mutation of the MEN1 gene in a Japanese kindred with familial isolated primary hyperparathyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol. 2000 Feb;142(2):138-43. PMID:10664521
- ↑ Kassem M, Kruse TA, Wong FK, Larsson C, Teh BT. Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism as a variant of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 in a large Danish pedigree. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jan;85(1):165-7. PMID:10634381
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- ↑ Heppner C, Bilimoria KY, Agarwal SK, Kester M, Whitty LJ, Guru SC, Chandrasekharappa SC, Collins FS, Spiegel AM, Marx SJ, Burns AL. The tumor suppressor protein menin interacts with NF-kappaB proteins and inhibits NF-kappaB-mediated transactivation. Oncogene. 2001 Aug 16;20(36):4917-25. PMID:11526476 doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204529
- ↑ Kaji H, Canaff L, Lebrun JJ, Goltzman D, Hendy GN. Inactivation of menin, a Smad3-interacting protein, blocks transforming growth factor type beta signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Mar 27;98(7):3837-42. Epub 2001 Mar 13. PMID:11274402 doi:10.1073/pnas.061358098
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- ↑ Lin SY, Elledge SJ. Multiple tumor suppressor pathways negatively regulate telomerase. Cell. 2003 Jun 27;113(7):881-9. PMID:12837246
- ↑ Hughes CM, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Milne TA, Copeland TD, Levine SS, Lee JC, Hayes DN, Shanmugam KS, Bhattacharjee A, Biondi CA, Kay GF, Hayward NK, Hess JL, Meyerson M. Menin associates with a trithorax family histone methyltransferase complex and with the hoxc8 locus. Mol Cell. 2004 Feb 27;13(4):587-97. PMID:14992727
- ↑ Borkin D, Pollock J, Kempinska K, Purohit T, Li X, Wen B, Zhao T, Miao H, Shukla S, He M, Sun D, Cierpicki T, Grembecka J. Property Focused Structure-Based Optimization of Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Protein-Protein Interaction between Menin and Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL). J Med Chem. 2016 Feb 11;59(3):892-913. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01305. Epub, 2016 Jan 25. PMID:26744767 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01305
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