5f9c
Crystal structure of the G121R mutant of human phosphoglucomutase 1
Structural highlights
DiseasePGM1_HUMAN PGM-CDG;Glycogen storage disease due to phosphoglucomutase deficiency. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. FunctionPGM1_HUMAN This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose. Publication Abstract from PubMedHuman phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) plays a central role in cellular glucose homeostasis, mediating the switch between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis through the conversion of glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. Recent clinical studies have identified mutations in this enzyme as the cause of PGM1 deficiency, an inborn error of metabolism classified as both a glycogen storage disease and a congenital disorder of glycosylation. Reported here are the first crystal structures of two disease-related missense variants of PGM1, along with the structure of the wild-type enzyme. Two independent glycine-to-arginine substitutions (G121R and G291R), both affecting key active site loops of PGM1, are found to induce regions of structural disorder, as evidenced by a nearly complete loss of electron density for as many as 23 aa. The disordered regions are not contiguous in sequence to the site of mutation, and even cross domain boundaries. Other structural rearrangements include changes in the conformations of loops and side chains, some of which occur nearly 20A away from the site of mutation. The induced structural disorder is correlated with increased sensitivity to proteolysis and lower-resolution diffraction, particularly for the G291R variant. Examination of the multi-domain effects of these GR mutations establishes a correlation between interdomain interfaces of the enzyme and missense variants of PGM1 associated with disease. These crystal structures provide the first insights into the structural basis of enzyme dysfunction in PGM1 deficiency and highlight a growing role for biophysical characterization of proteins in the field of precision medicine. Induced Structural Disorder as a Molecular Mechanism for Enzyme Dysfunction in Phosphoglucomutase 1 Deficiency.,Stiers KM, Kain BN, Graham AC, Beamer LJ J Mol Biol. 2016 Apr 24;428(8):1493-505. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.02.032. Epub, 2016 Mar 10. PMID:26972339[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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