5j3s
Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of human tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 2 in complex with a small molecule inhibitor
Structural highlights
DiseaseTYDP2_HUMAN Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia-epilepsy-intellectual disability syndrome due to TUD deficiency. FunctionTYDP2_HUMAN DNA repair enzyme that can remove a variety of covalent adducts from DNA through hydrolysis of a 5'-phosphodiester bond, giving rise to DNA with a free 5' phosphate. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of dead-end complexes between DNA and the topoisomerase 2 (TOP2) active site tyrosine residue. Hydrolyzes 5'-phosphoglycolates on protruding 5' ends on DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) due to DNA damage by radiation and free radicals. The 5'-tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase activity can enable the repair of TOP2-induced DSBs without the need for nuclease activity, creating a 'clean' DSB with 5'-phosphate termini that are ready for ligation. Has preference for single-stranded DNA or duplex DNA with a 4 base pair overhang as substrate. Has also 3'-tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase activity, but less efficiently and much slower than TDP1. Constitutes the major if not only 5'-tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase in cells. Also acts as a 5'-tyrosyl-RNA phosphodiesterase following picornavirus infection: its activity is hijacked by picornavirus and acts by specifically cleaving the protein-RNA covalent linkage generated during the viral genomic RNA replication steps of a picornavirus infection, without impairing the integrity of viral RNA. Also acts as an adapter by participating in the specific activation of MAP3K7/TAK1 in response to TGF-beta: associates with components of the TGF-beta receptor-TRAF6-TAK1 signaling module and promotes their ubiquitination dependent complex formation. Involved in non-canonical TGF-beta induced signaling routes. May also act as a negative regulator of ETS1 and may inhibit NF-kappa-B activation. Acts as a regulator of ribosome biogenesis following stress.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Publication Abstract from PubMedTDP2 is a 5'-tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase important for the repair of DNA adducts generated by non-productive (abortive) activity of topoisomerase II. TDP2 facilitates therapeutic resistance to topoisomerase poisons, which are widely used in the treatment of a range of cancer types. Consequently, TDP2 is an interesting target for the development of small molecule inhibitors that could restore sensitivity to topoisomerase-directed therapies. Previous studies identified a class of deazaflavin-based molecules that showed inhibitory activity against TDP2 at therapeutically useful concentrations, but their mode of action was uncertain. We have confirmed that the deazaflavin series inhibits TDP2 enzyme activity in a fluorescence-based assay, suitable for HTS-screening. We have gone on to determine crystal structures of these compounds bound to a 'humanised' form of murine TDP2. The structures reveal their novel mode of action as competitive ligands for the binding site of an incoming DNA substrate, and point the way to generating novel and potent inhibitors of TDP2. Mode of action of DNA-competitive small molecule inhibitors of tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 2.,Hornyak P, Askwith T, Walker S, Komulainen E, Paradowski M, Pennicott LE, Bartlett EJ, Brissett NC, Raoof A, Watson M, Jordan AM, Ogilvie DJ, Ward SE, Atack JR, Pearl LH, Caldecott KW, Oliver AW Biochem J. 2016 Apr 20. pii: BCJ20160180. PMID:27099339[8] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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