5j71
Crystal structure of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 2 in complex with inhibitor PS35
Structural highlights
FunctionPDK2_HUMAN Serine/threonine kinase that plays a key role in the regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and homeostasis via phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase subunits PDHA1 and PDHA2. This inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and thereby regulates metabolite flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, down-regulates aerobic respiration and inhibits the formation of acetyl-coenzyme A from pyruvate. Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase decreases glucose utilization and increases fat metabolism. Mediates cellular responses to insulin. Plays an important role in maintaining normal blood glucose levels and in metabolic adaptation to nutrient availability. Via its regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, plays an important role in maintaining normal blood pH and in preventing the accumulation of ketone bodies under starvation. Plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation and in resistance to apoptosis under oxidative stress. Plays a role in p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Publication Abstract from PubMedPyruvate dehydrogenase kinases 1-4 (PDK1-4) negatively control activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and are up-regulated in obesity, diabetes, heart failure and cancer. We reported earlier two novel pan-PDK inhibitors PS8 [4-((5-hydroxyisoindolin-2-yl)sulfonyl)benzene-1,3-diol] (1) and PS10 [2-((2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl)isoindoline-4,6-diol] (2) that targeted the ATP-binding pocket in PDKs. Here, we developed a new generation of PDK inhibitors by extending the dihydroxyphenyl sulfonylisoindoline scaffold in 1 and 2 to the entrance region of the ATP-binding pocket in PDK2. The lead inhibitor PS46 [(S)-3-amino-4-(4-((2-((2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl)isoindolin-5-yl)amino)piperi din-1-yl)-4-oxobutanamide] (17) shows a ~8-fold lower IC50 (58 nM) than 2 (456 nM). In the crystal structure, the asparagine moiety in 17 provides additional interactions with Glu-262 from PDK2. Treatment of diet-induced obese mice with 17 resulted in significant liver-specific augmentation of PDC activity, accompanied by improved glucose tolerance and drastically reduced hepatic steatosis. These findings support 17 as a potential glucose-lowering therapeutic targeting liver for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Development of Dihydroxyphenyl Sulfonylisoindoline Derivatives as Liver-targeting Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Inhibitors.,Tso SC, Lou M, Wu CY, Gui WJ, Chuang JL, Morlock LK, Williams NS, Wynn RM, Qi X, Chuang DT J Med Chem. 2017 Jan 13. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01540. PMID:28085286[7] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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