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Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthetase from archaeon Geoglobus acetivorans
Structural highlights
FunctionGGPPS_GEOAI Catalyzes the addition of 3 molecules of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) onto dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) to form geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). Catalyzes the synthesis of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate as a major product and of farnesyl pyrophosphate in smaller amounts.[1] Publication Abstract from PubMedA novel type 1 geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase GACE1337 has been identified within the genome of a newly identified hyperthermophilic archaeon Geoglobus acetivorans. The enzyme has been cloned and over-expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme has been biochemically and structurally characterized. It is able to catalyze the synthesis of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate as a major product and of farnesyl pyrophosphate in smaller amounts, as measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry at an elevated temperature of 60 degrees C. Its ability to produce two products is consistent with the fact that GACE1337 is the only short-chain isoprenyl diphosphate synthase in G. acetivorans. Attempts to crystallize the enzyme were successful only at 37 degrees C. The three-dimensional structure of GACE1337 was determined by X-ray diffraction to 2.5 A resolution. A comparison of its structure with those of related enzymes revealed that the Geoglobus enzyme has the features of both type I and type III geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthases, which allow it to regulate the product length. The active enzyme is a dimer and has three aromatic amino acids, two Phe, and a Tyr, located in the hydrophobic cleft between the two subunits. It is proposed that these bulky residues play a major role in the synthetic reaction by controlling the product elongation. Structural characterization of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase GACE1337 from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Geoglobus acetivorans.,Petrova TE, Boyko KM, Nikolaeva AY, Stekhanova TN, Gruzdev EV, Mardanov AV, Stroilov VS, Littlechild JA, Popov VO, Bezsudnova EY Extremophiles. 2018 Nov;22(6):877-888. doi: 10.1007/s00792-018-1044-5. Epub 2018 , Jul 30. PMID:30062607[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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