5w58
Crystal Complex of Cyclooxygenase-2: (S)-ARN-2508 (a dual COX and FAAH inhibitor)
Structural highlights
FunctionPGH2_MOUSE Mediates the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonate. May have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and/or a role for prostanoid signaling in activity-dependent plasticity.[1] [2] [3] [4] Publication Abstract from PubMedThe cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 oxygenate arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2). COX-2 also oxygenates the endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA), to the corresponding PGH2 analogs. Both enzymes are targets of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but NSAID-mediated COX inhibition is associated with gastrointestinal toxicity. One potential strategy to counter this toxicity is to also inhibit fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which hydrolyzes bioactive fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs) into fatty acids and ethanolamine. Here, we investigated the mechanism of COX inhibition by ARN2508, an NSAID that inhibits both COXs and FAAH with high potency, target selectivity, and decreased gastrointestinal toxicity in mouse models, presumably due to its ability to increase levels of FAEs. A 2.27 A resolution X-ray crystal structure of the COX-2.(S)-ARN2508 complex reveals that ARN2508 adopts a binding pose similar to that of its parent NSAID flurbiprofen. However, ARN2508's alkyl tail is inserted deep into the top channel, an active site region not exploited by any previously reported NSAID. As for flurbiprofen, ARN2508's potency is highly dependent on the configuration of the alpha-methyl group. Thus, (S)-ARN2508 is more potent than (R)-ARN2508 for inhibition of AA oxygenation by both COXs and 2-AG oxygenation by COX-2. Also, similarly to (R)-flurbiprofen, (R)-ARN2508 exhibits substrate-selectivity for inhibition of 2-AG oxygenation. Site-directed mutagenesis confirms the importance of insertion of the alkyl tail into the top channel for (S)-ARN2508's potency and suggests a role for Ser-530 as a determinant of the inhibitor's slow rate of inhibition compared to that of (S)-flurbiprofen. Dual cyclooxygenase-fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor exploits novel binding interactions in the cyclooxygenase active site.,Goodman MC, Xu S, Rouzer CA, Banerjee S, Ghebreselasie K, Migliore M, Piomelli D, Marnett LJ J Biol Chem. 2018 Jan 11. pii: M117.802058. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M117.802058. PMID:29326169[5] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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