6cy9
SA11 Rotavirus NSP2 with disulfide bridge
Structural highlights
FunctionNSP2_ROTSH Participates in replication and packaging of the viral genome. Plays a crucial role, together with NSP5, in the formation of virus factories (viroplasms), which are large inclusions in the host cytoplasm where replication intermediates are assembled and viral RNA replication takes place. Displays ssRNA binding, NTPase, RNA triphosphatase (RTPase) and ATP-independent helix-unwinding activities. The unwinding activity may prepare and organize plus-strand RNAs for packaging and replication by removing interfering secondary structures. The RTPase activity plays a role in the removal of the gamma-phosphate from the rotavirus RNA minus strands of dsRNA genome segments (PubMed:14699117). Participates in the selective exclusion of host proteins from stress granules (SG) and P bodies (PB). Participates also in the sequestration of these remodeled organelles in viral factories (By similarity).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04089][1] Publication Abstract from PubMedThe rotavirus (RV) genome is replicated and packaged into virus progeny in cytoplasmic inclusions called viroplasms, which require interactions between RV nonstructural proteins NSP2 and NSP5. How viroplasms form remains unknown. We previously found two forms of NSP2 in RV-infected cells: a cytoplasmically dispersed dNSP2, which interacts with hypophosphorylated NSP5; and a viroplasm-specific vNSP2, which interacts with hyperphosphorylated NSP5. Other studies report that CK1alpha, a ubiquitous cellular kinase, hyperphosphorylates NSP5, but requires NSP2 for reasons that are unclear. Here we show that silencing CK1alpha in cells before RV infection resulted in (i) >90% decrease in RV replication, (ii) disrupted vNSP2 and NSP5 interaction, (iii) dispersion of vNSP2 throughout the cytoplasm, and (iv) reduced vNSP2 protein levels. Together, these data indicate that CK1alpha directly affects NSP2. Accordingly, an in vitro kinase assay showed that CK1alpha phosphorylates serine 313 of NSP2 and triggers NSP2 octamers to form a lattice structure as demonstrated by crystallographic analysis. Additionally, a dual-specificity autokinase activity for NSP2 was identified and confirmed by mass spectrometry. Together, our studies show that phosphorylation of NSP2 involving CK1alpha controls viroplasm assembly. Considering that CK1alpha plays a role in the replication of other RNA viruses, similar phosphorylation-dependent mechanisms may exist for other virus pathogens that require cytoplasmic virus factories for replication. Phosphorylation cascade regulates the formation and maturation of rotaviral replication factories.,Criglar JM, Anish R, Hu L, Crawford SE, Sankaran B, Prasad BVV, Estes MK Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Dec 3. pii: 1717944115. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1717944115. PMID:30509975[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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