6khp
Crystal structure of Oryza sativa TDC with PLP and tryptamine
Structural highlights
FunctionTDC1_ORYSJ Involved in serotonin biosynthesis (PubMed:17763868, PubMed:19439571, PubMed:32595985). Catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-tryptophan to produce tryptamine, which is converted to serotonin by tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (PubMed:17763868, PubMed:32595985). May play a major role in serotonin biosynthesis during senescence (PubMed:19439571). Accumulation of serotonin attenuates leaf senescence (PubMed:19439571). Catalyzes the decarboxylation of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan to produce serotonin (PubMed:32595985).[1] [2] [3] Publication Abstract from PubMedPlant tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) is a type II Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent decarboxylase (PLP_DC) that could be used as a target to genetically improve crops. However, lack of accurate structural information on plant TDC hampers the understanding of its decarboxylation mechanisms. In the present study, the crystal structures of Oryza sativa TDC (OsTDC) in its complexes with pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, tryptamine and serotonin were determined. The structures provide detailed interaction information between TDC and its substrates. The Y359 residue from the loop gate is a proton donor and forms a Lewis acid-base pair with serotonin/tryptamine, which is associated with product release. The H214 residue is responsible for PLP binding and proton transfer, and its proper interaction with Y359 is essential for OsTDC enzyme activity. The extra hydrogen bonds formed between the 5-hydroxyl group of serotonin and the backbone carboxyl groups of F104 and P105 explain the discrepancy between the catalytic activity of TDC in tryptophan and in 5-hydroxytryptophan. In addition, an evolutionary analysis revealed that type II PLP_DC originated from glutamic acid decarboxylase, potentially as an adaptive evolution of mechanism in organisms in extreme environments. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to present a detailed analysis of the crystal structure of OsTDC in these complexes. The information regarding the catalytic mechanism described here could facilitate the development of protocols to regulate melatonin levels and thereby contribute to crop improvement efforts to improve food security worldwide. Crystal structure of Oryza sativa TDC reveals the substrate specificity for TDC-mediated melatonin biosynthesis.,Zhou Y, Liao L, Liu X, Liu B, Chen X, Guo Y, Huang C, Zhao Y, Zeng Z J Adv Res. 2020 Jun 12;24:501-511. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.06.004. eCollection, 2020 Jul. PMID:32595985[4] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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