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Crystal structure of the pathological D187N variant of calcium-free human gelsolin.
Structural highlights
DiseaseGELS_HUMAN Defects in GSN are the cause of amyloidosis type 5 (AMYL5) [MIM:105120; also known as familial amyloidosis Finnish type. AMYL5 is a hereditary generalized amyloidosis due to gelsolin amyloid deposition. It is typically characterized by cranial neuropathy and lattice corneal dystrophy. Most patients have modest involvement of internal organs, but severe systemic disease can develop in some individuals causing peripheral polyneuropathy, amyloid cardiomyopathy, and nephrotic syndrome leading to renal failure.[1] [2] [3] [4] FunctionGELS_HUMAN Calcium-regulated, actin-modulating protein that binds to the plus (or barbed) ends of actin monomers or filaments, preventing monomer exchange (end-blocking or capping). It can promote the assembly of monomers into filaments (nucleation) as well as sever filaments already formed. Plays a role in ciliogenesis.[5] Publication Abstract from PubMedMutations in the gelsolin protein are responsible for a rare conformational disease known as AGel amyloidosis. Four of these mutations are hosted by the second domain of the protein (G2): D187N/Y, G167R and N184K. The impact of the latter has been so far evaluated only by studies on the isolated G2. Here we report the characterization of full-length gelsolin carrying the N184K mutation and compare the findings with those obtained on the wild type and the other variants. The crystallographic structure of the N184K variant in the Ca(2+)-free conformation shows remarkable similarities with the wild type protein. Only minimal local rearrangements can be observed and the mutant is as efficient as the wild type in severing filamentous actin. However, the thermal stability of the pathological variant is compromised in the Ca(2+)-free conditions. These data suggest that the N to K substitution causes a local disruption of the H-bond network in the core of the G2 domain. Such a subtle rearrangement of the connections does not lead to significant conformational changes but severely affects the stability of the protein. The structure of N184K amyloidogenic variant of gelsolin highlights the role of the H-bond network for protein stability and aggregation properties.,de Rosa M, Barbiroli A, Boni F, Scalone E, Mattioni D, Vanoni MA, Patrone M, Bollati M, Mastrangelo E, Giorgino T, Milani M Eur Biophys J. 2019 Nov 13. pii: 10.1007/s00249-019-01409-9. doi:, 10.1007/s00249-019-01409-9. PMID:31724080[6] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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