6qg8
Structure of human Bcl-2 in complex with PUMA BH3 peptide
Structural highlights
DiseaseBCL2_HUMAN Note=A chromosomal aberration involving BCL2 has been found in chronic lymphatic leukemia. Translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) with immunoglobulin gene regions. BCL2 mutations found in non-Hodgkin lymphomas carrying the chromosomal translocation could be attributed to the Ig somatic hypermutation mechanism resulting in nucleotide transitions. FunctionBCL2_HUMAN Suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells. Regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability. Appears to function in a feedback loop system with caspases. Inhibits caspase activity either by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and/or by binding to the apoptosis-activating factor (APAF-1).[1] B2CL1_HUMAN Potent inhibitor of cell death. Inhibits activation of caspases (By similarity). Appears to regulate cell death by blocking the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) by binding to it and preventing the release of the caspase activator, CYC1, from the mitochondrial membrane. Also acts as a regulator of G2 checkpoint and progression to cytokinesis during mitosis.[2] [3] Isoform Bcl-X(S) promotes apoptosis.[4] [5] Publication Abstract from PubMedWe describe our work to establish structure- and fragment-based drug discovery to identify small molecules that inhibit the anti-apoptotic activity of the proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-2. This identified hit series of compounds, some of which were subsequently optimized to clinical candidates in trials for treating various cancers. Many protein constructs were designed to identify protein with suitable properties for different biophysical assays and structural methods. Fragment screening using ligand-observed NMR experiments identified several series of compounds for each protein. The series were assessed for their potential for subsequent optimization using (1)H and (15)N heteronuclear single-quantum correlation NMR, surface plasmon resonance, and isothermal titration calorimetry measurements to characterize and validate binding. Crystal structures could not be determined for the early hits, so NMR methods were developed to provide models of compound binding to guide compound optimization. For Mcl-1, a benzodioxane/benzoxazine series was optimized to a K (d) of 40 muM before a thienopyrimidine hit series was identified which subsequently led to the lead series from which the clinical candidate S 64315 (MIK 665) was identified. For Bcl-2, the fragment-derived series were difficult to progress, and a compound derived from a published tetrahydroquinone compound was taken forward as the hit from which the clinical candidate (S 55746) was obtained. For both the proteins, the work to establish a portfolio of assays gave confidence for identification of compounds suitable for optimization. Establishing Drug Discovery and Identification of Hit Series for the Anti-apoptotic Proteins, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1.,Murray JB, Davidson J, Chen I, Davis B, Dokurno P, Graham CJ, Harris R, Jordan A, Matassova N, Pedder C, Ray S, Roughley SD, Smith J, Walmsley C, Wang Y, Whitehead N, Williamson DS, Casara P, Le Diguarher T, Hickman J, Stark J, Kotschy A, Geneste O, Hubbard RE ACS Omega. 2019 May 23;4(5):8892-8906. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00611. eCollection , 2019 May 31. PMID:31459977[6] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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