6t4o
Human Carbonic anhydrase II bound by 3,5-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide
Structural highlights
DiseaseCAH2_HUMAN Defects in CA2 are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 3 (OPTB3) [MIM:259730; also known as osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome or marble brain disease. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually associated with normal or elevated amount of non-functional osteoclasts. OPTB3 is associated with renal tubular acidosis, cerebral calcification (marble brain disease) and in some cases with mental retardation.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] FunctionCAH2_HUMAN Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye.[6] [7] Publication Abstract from PubMedIn the design of high-affinity and enzyme isoform-selective inhibitors, we applied an approach of augmenting the substituents attached to the benzenesulfonamide scaffold in three ways, namely, substitutions at the 3,5- or 2,4,6-positions or expansion of the condensed ring system. The increased size of the substituents determined the spatial limitations of the active sites of the 12 catalytically active human carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms until no binding was observed because of the inability of the compounds to fit in the active site. This approach led to the discovery of high-affinity and high-selectivity compounds for the anticancer target CA IX and antiobesity target CA VB. The x-ray crystallographic structures of compounds bound to CA IX showed the positions of the bound compounds, whereas computational modeling confirmed that steric clashes prevent the binding of these compounds to other isoforms and thus avoid undesired side effects. Such an approach, based on the Lock-and-Key principle, could be used for the development of enzyme-specific drug candidate compounds. Isoform-Selective Enzyme Inhibitors by Exploring Pocket Size According to the Lock-and-Key Principle.,Dudutiene V, Zubriene A, Kairys V, Smirnov A, Smirnoviene J, Leitans J, Kazaks A, Tars K, Manakova L, Grazulis S, Matulis D Biophys J. 2020 Sep 9. pii: S0006-3495(20)30688-3. doi:, 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.08.037. PMID:32971003[8] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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