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Solution NMR structure of the nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptide NCR044 from Medicago truncatula
Structural highlights
FunctionPublication Abstract from PubMedIn the indeterminate nodules of a model legume Medicago truncatula, approximately 700 nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides with conserved cysteine signature are expressed. NCR peptides are highly diverse in sequence, and some of these cationic peptides exhibit antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding their structural architecture, antifungal activity, and modes of action against plant fungal pathogens. Here, the three-dimensional NMR structure of the 36-amino acid NCR044 peptide was solved. This unique structure was largely disordered and highly dynamic with one four-residue alpha-helix and one three-residue antiparallel beta-sheet stabilized by two disulfide bonds. NCR044 peptide also exhibited potent fungicidal activity against multiple plant fungal pathogens, including Botrytis cinerea and three Fusarium spp. It inhibited germination in quiescent spores of B. cinerea In germlings, it breached the fungal plasma membrane and induced reactive oxygen species. It bound to multiple bioactive phosphoinositides in vitro. Time-lapse confocal and superresolution microscopy revealed strong fungal cell wall binding, penetration of the cell membrane at discrete foci, followed by gradual loss of turgor, subsequent accumulation in the cytoplasm, and elevated levels in nucleoli of germlings. Spray-applied NCR044 significantly reduced gray mold disease symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen B. cinerea in tomato and tobacco plants, and postharvest products. Our work illustrates the antifungal activity of a structurally unique NCR peptide against plant fungal pathogens and paves the way for future development of this class of peptides as a spray-on fungistat/fungicide. Antifungal symbiotic peptide NCR044 exhibits unique structure and multifaceted mechanisms of action that confer plant protection.,Velivelli SLS, Czymmek KJ, Li H, Shaw JB, Buchko GW, Shah DM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jul 7;117(27):16043-16054. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.2003526117. Epub 2020 Jun 22. PMID:32571919[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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