6vp4
Ethylene forming enzyme (EFE) in complex with Fe(II), L-arginine, and 2OG
Structural highlights
FunctionEFE_PSESH Simultaneously catalyzes two reactions, namely formation of ethylene and of succinate from 2-oxoglutarate, with a molar ratio of 2:1.[1] Publication Abstract from PubMedEthylene-forming enzyme (EFE) is an ambifunctional iron(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent (Fe/2OG) oxygenase. In its major (EF) reaction, it converts carbons 1, 2, and 5 of 2OG to CO(2) and carbons 3 and 4 to ethylene, a four-electron oxidation drastically different from the simpler decarboxylation of 2OG to succinate mediated by all other Fe/2OG enzymes. EFE also catalyzes a minor reaction, in which the normal decarboxylation is coupled to oxidation of l-arginine (a required activator for the EF pathway), resulting in its conversion to l-glutamate semialdehyde and guanidine. Here we show that, consistent with precedent, the l-Arg-oxidation (RO) pathway proceeds via an iron(IV)-oxo (ferryl) intermediate. Use of 5,5-[(2)H(2)]-l-Arg slows decay of the ferryl complex by >16-fold, implying that RO is initiated by hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) from C5. That this large substrate deuterium kinetic isotope effect has no impact on the EF:RO partition ratio implies that the same ferryl intermediate cannot be on the EF pathway; the pathways must diverge earlier. Consistent with this conclusion, the variant enzyme bearing the Asp191Glu ligand substitution accumulates approximately 4 times as much of the ferryl complex as the wild-type enzyme and exhibits a approximately 40-fold diminished EF:RO partition ratio. The selective detriment of this nearly conservative substitution to the EF pathway implies that it has unusually stringent stereoelectronic requirements. An active-site, like-charge guanidinium pair, which involves the l-Arg substrate/activator and is unique to EFE among four crystallographically characterized l-Arg-modifying Fe/2OG oxygenases, may serve to selectively stabilize the transition state leading to the unique EF branch. An Iron(IV)-Oxo Intermediate Initiating l-Arginine Oxidation but Not Ethylene Production by the 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Oxygenase, Ethylene-Forming Enzyme.,Copeland RA, Davis KM, Shoda TKC, Blaesi EJ, Boal AK, Krebs C, Bollinger JM Jr J Am Chem Soc. 2021 Feb 10;143(5):2293-2303. doi: 10.1021/jacs.0c10923. Epub 2021 , Feb 1. PMID:33522811[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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