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Crystal structure of synthetic nanobody (Sb45) complexes with SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain
Structural highlights
FunctionSPIKE_SARS2 attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection (By similarity). Binding to human ACE2 receptor and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell induces conformational changes in the Spike glycoprotein (PubMed:32142651, PubMed:32075877, PubMed:32155444). Uses also human TMPRSS2 for priming in human lung cells which is an essential step for viral entry (PubMed:32142651). Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membranes fusion within endosomes.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099][1] [2] [3] mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes by acting as a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099] Acts as a viral fusion peptide which is unmasked following S2 cleavage occurring upon virus endocytosis.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099] Publication Abstract from PubMedCombating the worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the emergence of new variants demands understanding of the structural basis of the interaction of antibodies with the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD). Here we report five X-ray crystal structures of sybodies (synthetic nanobodies) including those of binary and ternary complexes of Sb16-RBD, Sb45-RBD, Sb14-RBD-Sb68, and Sb45-RBD-Sb68, as well as unliganded Sb16. These structures reveal that Sb14, Sb16, and Sb45 bind the RBD at the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interface, and that the Sb16 interaction is accompanied by a large conformational adjustment of complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2). In contrast, Sb68 interacts at the periphery of the SARS-CoV-2 RBC/ACE2 interface. We also determined cryo-EM structures of Sb45 bound to the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. Superposition of the X-ray structures of sybodies onto the trimeric S protein cryo-EM map indicates that some sybodies may bind in both "up" and "down" configurations, but others may not. Differences in sybody recognition of several recently identified RBD variants are explained by these structures. Structures of synthetic nanobody-SARS-CoV-2-receptor binding domain complexes reveal distinct sites of interaction.,Ahmad J, Jiang J, Boyd LF, Zeher A, Huang R, Xia D, Natarajan K, Margulies DH J Biol Chem. 2021 Sep 16:101202. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101202. PMID:34537245[4] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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