7khd
Human GITR-GITRL complex
Structural highlights
FunctionTNF18_HUMAN Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF18/AITR/GITR. Regulates T-cell responses. Can function as costimulator and lower the threshold for T-cell activation and T-cell proliferation. Important for interactions between activated T-lymphocytes and endothelial cells. Mediates activation of NF-kappa-B.[1] [2] Publication Abstract from PubMedGlucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein (GITR) and GITR ligand (GITRL) are members of the tumor necrosis superfamily that play a role in immune cell signaling, activation, and survival. GITR is a therapeutic target for directly activating effector CD4 and CD8 T cells, or depleting GITR-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs), thereby promoting anti-tumor immune responses. GITR activation through its native ligand is important for understanding immune signaling, but GITR structure has not been reported. Here we present structures of human and mouse GITR receptors bound to their cognate ligands. Both species share a receptor-ligand interface and receptor-receptor interface; the unique C-terminal receptor-receptor enables higher order structures on the membrane. Human GITR-GITRL has potential to form a hexameric network of membrane complexes, while murine GITR-GITRL complex forms a linear chain due to dimeric interactions. Mutations at the receptor-receptor interface in human GITR reduce cell signaling with in vitro ligand binding assays and minimize higher order membrane structures when bound by fluorescently labeled ligand in cell imaging experiments. Structures of mouse and human GITR-GITRL complexes reveal unique TNF superfamily interactions.,Wang F, Chau B, West SM, Kimberlin CR, Cao F, Schwarz F, Aguilar B, Han M, Morishige W, Bee C, Dollinger G, Rajpal A, Strop P Nat Commun. 2021 Mar 2;12(1):1378. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21563-z. PMID:33654081[3] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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