7mhc
Structure of human STING in complex with MK-1454
Structural highlights
FunctionSTING_HUMAN Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm. Acts by recognizing and binding cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced in response to DNA virus in the cytosol: upon binding of c-di-GMP or cGAMP, autoinhibition is alleviated and TMEM173/STING is able to activate both NF-kappa-B and IRF3 transcription pathways to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state. May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons. May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II). Mediates death signaling via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Publication Abstract from PubMedThe introduction of molecular complexity in an atom- and step-efficient manner remains an outstanding goal in modern synthetic chemistry. Artificial biosynthetic pathways are uniquely able to address this challenge by using enzymes to carry out multiple synthetic steps simultaneously or in a one-pot sequence(1-3). Conducting biosynthesis ex vivo further broadens its applicability by avoiding cross-talk with cellular metabolism and enabling the redesign of key biosynthetic pathways through the use of non-natural cofactors and synthetic reagents(4,5). Here we describe the discovery and construction of an enzymatic cascade to MK-1454, a highly potent stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activator under study as an immuno-oncology therapeutic(6,7) (ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04220866 ). From two non-natural nucleotide monothiophosphates, MK-1454 is assembled diastereoselectively in a one-pot cascade, in which two thiotriphosphate nucleotides are simultaneously generated biocatalytically, followed by coupling and cyclization catalysed by an engineered animal cyclic guanosine-adenosine synthase (cGAS). For the thiotriphosphate synthesis, three kinase enzymes were engineered to develop a non-natural cofactor recycling system in which one thiotriphosphate serves as a cofactor in its own synthesis. This study demonstrates the substantial capacity that currently exists to use biosynthetic approaches to discover and manufacture complex, non-natural molecules. A kinase-cGAS cascade to synthesize a therapeutic STING activator.,McIntosh JA, Liu Z, Andresen BM, Marzijarani NS, Moore JC, Marshall NM, Borra-Garske M, Obligacion JV, Fier PS, Peng F, Forstater JH, Winston MS, An C, Chang W, Lim J, Huffman MA, Miller SP, Tsay FR, Altman MD, Lesburg CA, Steinhuebel D, Trotter BW, Cumming JN, Northrup A, Bu X, Mann BF, Biba M, Hiraga K, Murphy GS, Kolev JN, Makarewicz A, Pan W, Farasat I, Bade RS, Stone K, Duan D, Alvizo O, Adpressa D, Guetschow E, Hoyt E, Regalado EL, Castro S, Rivera N, Smith JP, Wang F, Crespo A, Verma D, Axnanda S, Dance ZEX, Devine PN, Tschaen D, Canada KA, Bulger PG, Sherry BD, Truppo MD, Ruck RT, Campeau LC, Bennett DJ, Humphrey GR, Campos KR, Maddess ML Nature. 2022 Mar;603(7901):439-444. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04422-9. Epub 2022, Mar 16. PMID:35296845[8] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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