7q0e
Human Carbonic Anhydrase II in complex with Methyl 2-(benzenesulfonyl)-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzoate
Structural highlights
DiseaseCAH2_HUMAN Defects in CA2 are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 3 (OPTB3) [MIM:259730; also known as osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome or marble brain disease. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually associated with normal or elevated amount of non-functional osteoclasts. OPTB3 is associated with renal tubular acidosis, cerebral calcification (marble brain disease) and in some cases with mental retardation.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] FunctionCAH2_HUMAN Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye.[6] [7] Publication Abstract from PubMedAmong the twelve catalytically active carbonic anhydrase isozymes present in the human body, the CAIX is highly overexpressed in various solid tumors. The enzyme acidifies the tumor microenvironment enabling invasion and metastatic processes. Therefore, many attempts have been made to design chemical compounds that would exhibit high affinity and selective binding to CAIX over the remaining eleven catalytically active CA isozymes to limit undesired side effects. It has been postulated that such drugs may have anticancer properties and could be used in tumor treatment. Here we have designed a series of compounds, methyl 5-sulfamoyl-benzoates, which bear a primary sulfonamide group, a well-known marker of CA inhibitors, and determined their affinities for all twelve CA isozymes. Variations of substituents on the benzenesulfonamide ring led to compound 4b, which exhibited an extremely high observed binding affinity to CAIX; the Kd was 0.12 nM. The intrinsic dissociation constant, where the binding-linked protonation reactions have been subtracted, reached 0.08 pM. The compound also exhibited more than 100-fold selectivity over the remaining CA isozymes. The X-ray crystallographic structure of compound 3b bound to CAIX showed the structural position, while several structures of compounds bound to other CA isozymes showed structural reasons for compound selectivity towards CAIX. Since this series of compounds possess physicochemical properties suitable for drugs, they may be developed for anticancer therapeutic purposes. Methyl 2-Halo-4-Substituted-5-Sulfamoyl-Benzoates as High Affinity and Selective Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrase IX.,Zaksauskas A, Capkauskaite E, Paketuryte-Latve V, Smirnov A, Leitans J, Kazaks A, Dvinskis E, Stancaitis L, Mickeviciute A, Jachno J, Jezepcikas L, Linkuviene V, Sakalauskas A, Manakova E, Grazulis S, Matuliene J, Tars K, Matulis D Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Dec 23;23(1). pii: ijms23010130. doi: 10.3390/ijms23010130. PMID:35008553[8] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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