7xgp
Human renin in complex with compound3
Structural highlights
Disease[RENI_HUMAN] Defects in REN are a cause of renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) [MIM:267430]. RTD is an autosomal recessive severe disorder of renal tubular development characterized by persistent fetal anuria and perinatal death, probably due to pulmonary hypoplasia from early-onset oligohydramnios (the Potter phenotype).[1] Defects in REN are the cause of familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2 (HNFJ2) [MIM:613092]. It is a renal disease characterized by juvenile onset of hyperuricemia, slowly progressive renal failure and anemia.[2] Function[RENI_HUMAN] Renin is a highly specific endopeptidase, whose only known function is to generate angiotensin I from angiotensinogen in the plasma, initiating a cascade of reactions that produce an elevation of blood pressure and increased sodium retention by the kidney. Publication Abstract from PubMedRenin is the rate-limiting enzyme in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) which regulates blood pressure and renal function and hence is an attractive target for the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular/renal diseases. However, the development of direct renin inhibitors (DRIs) with favorable oral bioavailability has been a longstanding challenge for many years. This problem was thought to be because most of the reported DRIs were peptide-like structures or nonpeptide-like structures with a molecular weight (MW) of > 600. Therefore, we tried to find nonpeptidomimetic DRIs with a MW of < 500 and discovered the promising 2-carbamoyl morpholine derivative 4. In our efforts to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of 4 without a significant increase in the MW, we discovered compound 18 (SPH3127), which demonstrated higher bioavailability and a more potent antihypertensive effect in preclinical models than aliskiren and has completed a phase II clinical trial for essential hypertension. Discovery of SPH3127: A Novel, Highly Potent, and Orally Active Direct Renin Inhibitor.,Iijima D, Sugama H, Takahashi Y, Hirai M, Togashi Y, Xie J, Shen J, Ke Y, Akatsuka H, Kawaguchi T, Takedomi K, Kashima A, Nishio M, Inui Y, Yoneda H, Xia G, Iijima T J Med Chem. 2022 Aug 25;65(16):10882-10897. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00834., Epub 2022 Aug 8. PMID:35939295[3] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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