7y38
Molecular architecture of the chikungunya virus replication complex
Structural highlights
FunctionPOLN_ONNVS Inactive precursor of the viral replicase, which is activated by cleavages carried out by the viral protease nsP2.[UniProtKB:Q8JUX6] The early replication complex formed by the polyprotein P123' and nsP4 synthesizes minus-strand RNAs (Probable). Polyprotein P123' is a short-lived polyprotein that accumulates during early stage of infection (Probable). As soon P123' is cleaved into mature proteins, the plus-strand RNAs synthesis begins (Probable). The early replication complex formed by the polyprotein P123 and nsP4 synthesizes minus-strand RNAs (By similarity). As soon P123 is cleaved into mature proteins, the plus-strand RNAs synthesis begins (By similarity).[UniProtKB:P03317] Cytoplasmic capping enzyme that catalyzes two virus-specific reactions: methyltransferase and nsP1 guanylyltransferase (By similarity). mRNA-capping is necessary since all viral RNAs are synthesized in the cytoplasm, and host capping enzymes are restricted to the nucleus (Probable). The enzymatic reaction involves a covalent link between 7-methyl-GMP and nsP1, whereas eukaryotic capping enzymes form a covalent complex only with GMP (Probable). nsP1 capping consists in the following reactions: GTP is first methylated into 7-methyl-GMP and then is covalently linked to nsP1 to form the m7GMp-nsP1 complex from which 7-methyl-GMP complex is transferred to the mRNA to create the cap structure (By similarity). NsP1 is also needed for the initiation of the minus-strand RNAs synthesis (By similarity). Probably serves as a membrane anchor for the replication complex composed of nsP1-nsP4 (By similarity). Palmitoylated nsP1 is remodeling host cell cytoskeleton, and induces filopodium-like structure formation at the surface of the host cell (By similarity).[UniProtKB:P03317][UniProtKB:P08411][UniProtKB:P27282][UniProtKB:Q8JUX6] Multifunctional protein whose N-terminus is part of the RNA polymerase complex and displays NTPase, RNA triphosphatase and helicase activities (By similarity). NTPase and RNA triphosphatase are involved in viral RNA capping and helicase keeps a check on the dsRNA replication intermediates (By similarity). The C-terminus harbors a protease that specifically cleaves the polyproteins and releases the mature proteins (By similarity). Required for the shutoff of minus-strand RNAs synthesis (By similarity). Specifically inhibits the host IFN response by promoting the nuclear export of host STAT1 (By similarity). Also inhibits host transcription by inducing the rapid proteasome-dependent degradation of POLR2A, a catalytic subunit of the RNAPII complex (By similarity). The resulting inhibition of cellular protein synthesis serves to ensure maximal viral gene expression and to evade host immune response (By similarity).[UniProtKB:P03317][UniProtKB:P08411][UniProtKB:Q8JUX6] Seems to be essential for minus-strand RNAs and subgenomic 26S mRNAs synthesis (By similarity). Displays mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity (Probable). ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification that controls various processes of the host cell and the virus probably needs to revert it for optimal viral replication (Probable). Binds proteins of FXR family and sequesters them into the viral RNA replication complexes thereby inhibiting the formation of host stress granules on viral mRNAs (Probable). The nsp3'-FXR complexes bind viral RNAs and probably orchestrate the assembly of viral replication complexes, thanks to the ability of FXR family members to self-assemble and bind DNA (Probable).[UniProtKB:P03317] Seems to be essential for minus-strand RNAs and subgenomic 26S mRNAs synthesis (By similarity). Displays mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity (By similarity). ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification that controls various processes of the host cell and the virus probably needs to revert it for optimal viral replication (By similarity). Binds proteins of G3BP family and sequesters them into the viral RNA replication complexes thereby inhibiting the formation of host stress granules on viral mRNAs (By similarity). The nsp3-G3BP complexes bind viral RNAs and probably orchestrate the assembly of viral replication complexes, thanks to the ability of G3BP family members to self-assemble and bind DNA (By similarity).[UniProtKB:P03317][UniProtKB:Q8JUX6] RNA dependent RNA polymerase (By similarity). Replicates genomic and antigenomic RNA by recognizing replications specific signals. The early replication complex formed by the polyprotein P123 and nsP4 synthesizes minus-strand RNAs (By similarity). The late replication complex composed of fully processed nsP1-nsP4 is responsible for the production of genomic and subgenomic plus-strand RNAs (By similarity).[UniProtKB:P03317] Publication Abstract from PubMedTo better understand how positive-strand (+) RNA viruses assemble membrane-associated replication complexes (RCs) to synthesize, process, and transport viral RNA in virus-infected cells, we determined both the high-resolution structure of the core RNA replicase of chikungunya virus and the native RC architecture in its cellular context at subnanometer resolution, using in vitro reconstitution and in situ electron cryotomography, respectively. Within the core RNA replicase, the viral polymerase nsP4, which is in complex with nsP2 helicase-protease, sits in the central pore of the membrane-anchored nsP1 RNA-capping ring. The addition of a large cytoplasmic ring next to the C terminus of nsP1 forms the holo-RNA-RC as observed at the neck of spherules formed in virus-infected cells. These results represent a major conceptual advance in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of RNA virus replication and the principles underlying the molecular architecture of RCs, likely to be shared with many pathogenic (+) RNA viruses. Molecular architecture of the Chikungunya virus replication complex.,Tan YB, Chmielewski D, Law MCY, Zhang K, He Y, Chen M, Jin J, Luo D Sci Adv. 2022 Dec 2;8(48):eadd2536. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.add2536. Epub 2022 Nov , 30. PMID:36449616[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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