8cdb
Proulilysin E229A structure
Structural highlights
FunctionULIL_METAC Metalloprotease which in vitro specifically cleaves IGFBP-2 to -6, insulin, and extracellular matrix proteins but not IGFBP-1 or IGF-II. Shows a preference for substrates with an arginine in the P1' position, the first position downstream of the scissile bond.[1] Publication Abstract from PubMedPeptidases are regulated by latency and inhibitors, as well as compatibilization and cofactors. Ulilysin from Methanosarcina acetivorans, also called lysargiNase, is an archaeal metallopeptidase (MP) that is biosynthesized as a zymogen with a 60-residue N-terminal prosegment (PS). In the presence of calcium, it self-activates to yield the mature enzyme, which specifically cleaves before basic residues and thus complements trypsin in proteomics workflows. Here, we obtained a low-resolution crystal structure of proulilysin, in which 28 protomers arranged as 14 dimers form a continuous double helix of 544 A pitch that parallels cell axis b of the crystal. The PS includes two alpha-helices and obstructs the active-site cleft of the catalytic domain (CD) by traversing it in the opposite orientation of a substrate, and a cysteine blocks the catalytic zinc according to a "cysteine-switch mechanism". Moreover, the PS interacts through its first helix with an "S-loop" of the CD, which acts as an "activation segment" that lacks one of two essential calcium cations. Upon PS removal during maturation, the S-loop adopts its competent conformation and binds the second calcium ion. Next, we found that in addition to general MP inhibitors, ulilysin was competitively and reversibly inhibited by 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF; K(i) = 4 muM). This is a compound that normally forms an irreversible covalent complex with serine peptidases but does not inhibit MPs. A high-resolution crystal structure of the complex revealed that the inhibitor penetrates the specificity pocket of ulilysin. A primary amine of the inhibitor salt-bridges an aspartate at the pocket bottom, thus mimicking the basic side chain of substrates. In contrast, the sulfonyl fluoride warhead is not involved and the catalytic zinc ion is freely accessible. Thus, the usage of inhibitor cocktails of peptidases, which typically contain AEBSF at approximately 25-fold higher concentrations than the determined K(i), should be avoided when working with ulilysin. Finally, the structure of the complex, which occurred as a crystallographic dimer recurring in previous mature ulilysin structures, unveiled an N-terminal product fragment that delineated the non-primed side of the cleft. These results complement prior structures of ulilysin with primed-side product fragments and inhibitors. Structural insights into latency of the metallopeptidase ulilysin (lysargiNase) and its unexpected inhibition by a sulfonyl-fluoride inhibitor of serine peptidases.,Rodriguez-Banqueri A, Moliner-Culubret M, Mendes SR, Guevara T, Eckhard U, Gomis-Ruth FX Dalton Trans. 2023 Mar 21;52(12):3610-3622. doi: 10.1039/d3dt00458a. PMID:36857690[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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