8dh9
Leptin-bound leptin receptor complex-D3-D7
Structural highlights
FunctionLEPR_MOUSE Receptor for hormone LEP/leptin (Probable) (PubMed:11861497). On ligand binding, mediates LEP central and peripheral effects through the activation of different signaling pathways such as JAK2/STAT3 and MAPK cascade/FOS (PubMed:10799542, PubMed:11861497, PubMed:11923481, PubMed:25383904). In the hypothalamus, LEP acts as an appetite-regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones (PubMed:10660043, PubMed:12594516). In the periphery, increases basal metabolism, influences reproductive function, regulates pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin secretion, is pro-angiogenic and affects innate and adaptive immunity (PubMed:11923481, PubMed:25383904). Control of energy homeostasis and melanocortin production (stimulation of POMC and full repression of AgRP transcription) is mediated by STAT3 signaling, whereas distinct signals regulate NPY and the control of fertility, growth and glucose homeostasis (PubMed:12594516). Involved in the regulation of counter-regulatory response to hypoglycemia by inhibiting neurons of the parabrachial nucleus (PubMed:25383904). Has a specific effect on T lymphocyte responses, differentially regulating the proliferation of naive and memory T-cells. Leptin increases Th1 and suppresses Th2 cytokine production (PubMed:9732873).[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] May transport LEP across the blood-brain barrier. Binds LEP and mediates LEP endocytosis (PubMed:17620316, PubMed:20223942). Does not induce phosphorylation of and activate STAT3 (PubMed:11923481, PubMed:20223942).[9] [10] [11] Antagonizes Isoform A and isoform B-mediated LEP binding and endocytosis.[12] Publication Abstract from PubMedLeptin is an adipocyte-derived protein hormone that promotes satiety and energy homeostasis by activating the leptin receptor (LepR)-STAT3 signaling axis in a subset of hypothalamic neurons. Leptin signaling is dysregulated in obesity, however, where appetite remains elevated despite high levels of circulating leptin. To gain insight into the mechanism of leptin receptor activation, here we determine the structure of a stabilized leptin-bound LepR signaling complex using single particle cryo-EM. The structure reveals an asymmetric architecture in which a single leptin induces LepR dimerization via two distinct receptor-binding sites. Analysis of the leptin-LepR binding interfaces reveals the molecular basis for human obesity-associated mutations. Structure-based design of leptin variants that destabilize the asymmetric LepR dimer yield both partial and biased agonists that partially suppress STAT3 activation in the presence of wild-type leptin and decouple activation of STAT3 from LepR negative regulators. Together, these results reveal the structural basis for LepR activation and provide insights into the differential plasticity of signaling pathways downstream of LepR. Structural insights into the mechanism of leptin receptor activation.,Saxton RA, Caveney NA, Moya-Garzon MD, Householder KD, Rodriguez GE, Burdsall KA, Long JZ, Garcia KC Nat Commun. 2023 Mar 31;14(1):1797. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37169-6. PMID:37002197[13] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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