8gpt
YFV_E_YD6scFv_postfusion
Structural highlights
FunctionPOLG_YEFVN Plays a role in virus budding by binding to the cell membrane and gathering the viral RNA into a nucleocapsid that forms the core of a mature virus particle. During virus entry, may induce genome penetration into the host cytoplasm after hemifusion induced by the surface proteins. Can migrate to the cell nucleus where it modulates host functions.[UniProtKB:P17763] Inhibits RNA silencing by interfering with host Dicer.[UniProtKB:P03314] Prevents premature fusion activity of envelope proteins in trans-Golgi by binding to envelope protein E at pH6.0. After virion release in extracellular space, gets dissociated from E dimers.[UniProtKB:P17763] Acts as a chaperone for envelope protein E during intracellular virion assembly by masking and inactivating envelope protein E fusion peptide. prM is the only viral peptide matured by host furin in the trans-Golgi network probably to avoid catastrophic activation of the viral fusion activity in acidic Golgi compartment prior to virion release. prM-E cleavage is inefficient, and many virions are only partially matured. These uncleaved prM would play a role in immune evasion.[UniProtKB:P17763] May play a role in virus budding. Exerts cytotoxic effects by activating a mitochondrial apoptotic pathway through M ectodomain. May display a viroporin activity.[UniProtKB:P17763] Binds to host cell surface receptor and mediates fusion between viral and cellular membranes. Envelope protein is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum in the form of heterodimer with protein prM. They play a role in virion budding in the ER, and the newly formed immature particle is covered with 60 spikes composed of heterodimer between precursor prM and envelope protein E. The virion is transported to the Golgi apparatus where the low pH causes dissociation of PrM-E heterodimers and formation of E homodimers. prM-E cleavage is inefficient, and many virions are only partially matured. These uncleaved prM would play a role in immune evasion.[UniProtKB:P17763] Involved in immune evasion, pathogenesis and viral replication. Once cleaved off the polyprotein, is targeted to three destinations: the viral replication cycle, the plasma membrane and the extracellular compartment. Essential for viral replication. Required for formation of the replication complex and recruitment of other non-structural proteins to the ER-derived membrane structures. Excreted as a hexameric lipoparticle that plays a role against host immune response. Antagonizing the complement function. Binds to the host macrophages and dendritic cells. Inhibits signal transduction originating from Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3).[UniProtKB:Q9Q6P4] Component of the viral RNA replication complex that functions in virion assembly and antagonizes the host immune response.[UniProtKB:P17763] Required cofactor for the serine protease function of NS3. May have membrane-destabilizing activity and form viroporins (By similarity).[UniProtKB:P17763][PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00859] Displays three enzymatic activities: serine protease, NTPase and RNA helicase. NS3 serine protease, in association with NS2B, performs its autocleavage and cleaves the polyprotein at dibasic sites in the cytoplasm: C-prM, NS2A-NS2B, NS2B-NS3, NS3-NS4A, NS4A-2K and NS4B-NS5. NS3 RNA helicase binds RNA and unwinds dsRNA in the 3' to 5' direction. Also plays a role in virus assembly (By similarity).[UniProtKB:P03314][PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00860] Regulates the ATPase activity of the NS3 helicase activity. NS4A allows NS3 helicase to conserve energy during unwinding.[UniProtKB:Q9Q6P4] Functions as a signal peptide for NS4B and is required for the interferon antagonism activity of the latter.[UniProtKB:P17763] Induces the formation of ER-derived membrane vesicles where the viral replication takes place. Inhibits interferon (IFN)-induced host STAT1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, thereby preventing the establishment of cellular antiviral state by blocking the IFN-alpha/beta pathway.[UniProtKB:Q9Q6P4] Replicates the viral (+) and (-) RNA genome, and performs the capping of genomes in the cytoplasm. NS5 methylates viral RNA cap at guanine N-7 and ribose 2'-O positions (By similarity). Besides its role in RNA genome replication, also prevents the establishment of cellular antiviral state by blocking the interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta) signaling pathway. IFN-I induces binding of NS5 to host IFN-activated transcription factor STAT2, preventing its transcriptional activity. Host TRIM23 is the E3 ligase that interacts with and polyubiquitinates NS5 to promote its binding to STAT2 and trigger IFN-I signaling inhibition.[UniProtKB:P03314] Publication Abstract from PubMedThe yellow fever virus (YFV) is a life-threatening human pathogen. Owing to the lack of available therapeutics, non-vaccinated individuals are at risk. Here, we isolated eight human monoclonal antibodies that neutralize YFV infection. Five recognized overlapping epitopes and exhibited potent neutralizing activity. Two (YD6 and YD73) were ultra-potent and conferred complete protection against the lethal challenge of YFV as both prophylactics and therapeutics in a mouse model. Crystal structures revealed that YD6 engaged the YFV envelope protein in both pre- and post-fusion states, suggesting viral inhibition by a "double-lock" mechanism. The recognition determinants for YD6 and YD73 are clustered at the premembrane (prM)-binding site. Notably, antibodies targeting this site were present in minute traces in YFV-infected individuals but contributed significantly to neutralization, suggesting a vulnerable supersite of YFV. We provide two promising candidates for immunotherapy against YFV, and the supersite represents an ideal target for epitope-based vaccine design. A neutralizing-protective supersite of human monoclonal antibodies for yellow fever virus.,Li Y, Chen Z, Wu L, Dai L, Qi J, Chai Y, Li S, Wang Q, Tong Z, Ma S, Duan X, Ren S, Song R, Liang M, Liu W, Yan J, Gao GF Innovation (Camb). 2022 Sep 15;3(6):100323. doi: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100323. , eCollection 2022 Nov 8. PMID:36199277[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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