8p8x
Crystal structure of a pathogenic mutant variant of human mitochodnrial PheRS
Structural highlights
FunctionSYFM_HUMAN Catalyzes direct attachment of p-Tyr (Tyr) to tRNAPhe. Permits also, with a lower efficiency, the attachment of m-Tyr to tRNAPhe, thereby opening the way for delivery of the misacylated tRNA to the ribosome and incorporation of ROS-damaged amino acid into proteins.[1] Publication Abstract from PubMedFARS2 encodes the mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (mtPheRS), which is essential for charging mitochondrial (mt-) tRNA(Phe) with phenylalanine for use in intramitochondrial translation. Many biallelic, pathogenic FARS2 variants have been described previously, which are mostly associated with two distinct clinical phenotypes; an early onset epileptic mitochondrial encephalomyopathy or a later onset spastic paraplegia. In this study, we report on a patient who presented at 3 weeks of age with tachypnoea and poor feeding, which progressed to severe metabolic decompensation with lactic acidosis and seizure activity followed by death at 9 weeks of age. Rapid trio whole exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous FARS2 variants including a pathogenic exon 2 deletion on one allele and a rare missense variant (c.593G > T, p.(Arg198Leu)) on the other allele, necessitating further work to aid variant classification. Assessment of patient fibroblasts demonstrated severely decreased steady-state levels of mtPheRS, but no obvious defect in any components of the oxidative phosphorylation system. To investigate the potential pathogenicity of the missense variant, we determined its high-resolution crystal structure, demonstrating a local structural destabilization in the catalytic domain. Moreover, the R198L mutation reduced the thermal stability and impaired the enzymatic activity of mtPheRS due to a lower binding affinity for tRNA(Phe) and a slower turnover rate. Together these data confirm the pathogenicity of this FARS2 variant in causing early-onset mitochondrial epilepsy. Clinical and molecular characterization of novel FARS2 variants causing neonatal mitochondrial disease.,Chen W, Rehsi P, Thompson K, Yeo M, Stals K, He L, Schimmel P, Chrzanowska-Lightowlers ZMA, Wakeling E, Taylor RW, Kuhle B Mol Genet Metab. 2023 Jul 24;140(3):107657. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107657. PMID:37523899[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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