8p99
SARS-CoV-2 S-protein:D614G mutant in 1-up conformation
Structural highlights
FunctionSPIKE_SARS2 attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection (By similarity). Binding to human ACE2 receptor and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell induces conformational changes in the Spike glycoprotein (PubMed:32142651, PubMed:32075877, PubMed:32155444). Uses also human TMPRSS2 for priming in human lung cells which is an essential step for viral entry (PubMed:32142651). Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membranes fusion within endosomes.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099][1] [2] [3] mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes by acting as a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099] Acts as a viral fusion peptide which is unmasked following S2 cleavage occurring upon virus endocytosis.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099] Publication Abstract from PubMedSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, by infecting cells via the interaction of its spike protein (S) with the primary cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2). To search for inhibitors of this key step in viral infection, we screened an in-house library of multivalent tryptophan derivatives. Using VSV-S pseudoparticles, we identified compound 2 as a potent entry inhibitor lacking cellular toxicity. Chemical optimization of 2 rendered compounds 63 and 65, which also potently inhibited genuine SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. Thermofluor and microscale thermophoresis studies revealed their binding to S and to its isolated receptor binding domain (RBD), interfering with the interaction with ACE2. High-resolution cryoelectron microscopy structure of S, free or bound to 2, shed light on cell entry inhibition mechanisms by these compounds. Overall, this work identifies and characterizes a new class of SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors with clear potential for preventing and/or fighting COVID-19. C-2 Thiophenyl Tryptophan Trimers Inhibit Cellular Entry of SARS-CoV-2 through Interaction with the Viral Spike (S) Protein.,Gargantilla M, Frances C, Adhav A, Forcada-Nadal A, Martinez-Gualda B, Marti-Mari O, Lopez-Redondo ML, Melero R, Marco-Marin C, Gougeard N, Espinosa C, Rubio-Del-Campo A, Ruiz-Partida R, Hernandez-Sierra MDP, Villamayor-Belinchon L, Bravo J, Llacer JL, Marina A, Rubio V, San-Felix A, Geller R, Perez-Perez MJ J Med Chem. 2023 Aug 10;66(15):10432-10457. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00576. , Epub 2023 Jul 20. PMID:37471688[4] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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