8qji
Crystal structure of GSK3b in complex with N-(4-(5-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)thiophen-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide inhibitor (TW362)
Structural highlights
FunctionGSK3B_HUMAN Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), EIF2B, CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC, AXIN1, DPYSL2/CRMP2, JUN, NFATC1/NFATC, MAPT/TAU and MACF1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. In skeletal muscle, contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. May also mediate the development of insulin resistance by regulating activation of transcription factors. Regulates protein synthesis by controlling the activity of initiation factor 2B (EIF2BE/EIF2B5) in the same manner as glycogen synthase. In Wnt signaling, GSK3B forms a multimeric complex with APC, AXIN1 and CTNNB1/beta-catenin and phosphorylates the N-terminus of CTNNB1 leading to its degradation mediated by ubiquitin/proteasomes. Phosphorylates JUN at sites proximal to its DNA-binding domain, thereby reducing its affinity for DNA. Phosphorylates NFATC1/NFATC on conserved serine residues promoting NFATC1/NFATC nuclear export, shutting off NFATC1/NFATC gene regulation, and thereby opposing the action of calcineurin. Phosphorylates MAPT/TAU on 'Thr-548', decreasing significantly MAPT/TAU ability to bind and stabilize microtubules. MAPT/TAU is the principal component of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease. Plays an important role in ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. Phosphorylates MACF1, inhibiting its binding to microtubules which is critical for its role in bulge stem cell migration and skin wound repair. Probably regulates NF-kappa-B (NFKB1) at the transcriptional level and is required for the NF-kappa-B-mediated anti-apoptotic response to TNF-alpha (TNF/TNFA). Negatively regulates replication in pancreatic beta-cells, resulting in apoptosis, loss of beta-cells and diabetes. Phosphorylates MUC1 in breast cancer cells, decreasing the interaction of MUC1 with CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Is necessary for the establishment of neuronal polarity and axon outgrowth. Phosphorylates MARK2, leading to inhibit its activity. Phosphorylates SIK1 at 'Thr-182', leading to sustain its activity. Phosphorylates ZC3HAV1 which enhances its antiviral activity. Phosphorylates SFPQ at 'Thr-687' upon T-cell activation.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] Publication Abstract from PubMedIn the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, the overexpression of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) stands out due to its multifaced nature, as it contributes to the promotion of amyloid beta and tau protein accumulation, as well as neuroinflammatory processes. Therefore, in the present study, we have designed, synthesized, and evaluated a new series of GSK-3beta inhibitors based on the N-(pyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide scaffold. We identified compound 36, demonstrating an IC(50) of 70 nM against GSK-3beta. Subsequently, through crystallography studies and quantum mechanical analysis, we elucidated its binding mode and identified the structural features crucial for interactions with the active site of GSK-3beta, thereby understanding its inhibitory potency. Compound 36 was effective in the cellular model of hyperphosphorylated tau-induced neurodegeneration, where it restored cell viability after okadaic acid treatment and showed anti-inflammatory activity in the LPS model, significantly reducing NO, IL-6, and TNF-alpha release. In ADME-tox in vitro studies, we confirmed the beneficial profile of 36, including high permeability in PAMPA (Pe equals 9.4) and high metabolic stability in HLMs as well as lack of significant interactions with isoforms of the CYP enzymes and lack of considerable cytotoxicity on selected cell lines (IC(50) > 100 muM on HT-22 cells and 89.3 muM on BV-2 cells). Based on promising pharmacological activities and favorable ADME-tox properties, compound 36 may be considered a promising candidate for in vivo research as well as constitute a reliable starting point for further studies. Exploring Novel GSK-3beta Inhibitors for Anti-Neuroinflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects: Synthesis, Crystallography, Computational Analysis, and Biological Evaluation.,Goral I, Wichur T, Slugocka E, Grygier P, Gluch-Lutwin M, Mordyl B, Honkisz-Orzechowska E, Szalaj N, Godyn J, Panek D, Zareba P, Sarka A, Zmudzki P, Latacz G, Pustelny K, Bucki A, Czarna A, Menezes F, Wieckowska A ACS Chem Neurosci. 2024 Aug 19. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00365. PMID:39158934[13] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
| ||||||||||||||||||
