9bdf
Influenza A virus Hemagglutinin H3/Darwin/6/2021 in complex with Fab ADI-85666
Structural highlights
FunctionA0A8F5JT24_9INFA Binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the cell. This attachment induces virion internalization either through clathrin-dependent endocytosis or through clathrin- and caveolin-independent pathway. Plays a major role in the determination of host range restriction and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein. Responsible for penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by mediating the fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle with the endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induces an irreversible conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion hydrophobic peptide. Several trimers are required to form a competent fusion pore.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072] Binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the cell. This attachment induces virion internalization of about two third of the virus particles through clathrin-dependent endocytosis and about one third through a clathrin- and caveolin-independent pathway. Plays a major role in the determination of host range restriction and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein. Responsible for penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by mediating the fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle with the endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induces an irreversible conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion hydrophobic peptide. Several trimers are required to form a competent fusion pore.[RuleBase:RU003324] Publication Abstract from PubMedMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) can be used as prophylactics or templates for next-generation vaccines. Here, we isolated broad, subtype-neutralizing mAbs from human B cells recognizing the H1 or H3 HA "head" and a mAb engaging the conserved stem. The H1 mAbs bind the lateral patch epitope on HAs from 1933 to 2021 and a prepandemic swine H1N1 virus. We improved neutralization potency using directed evolution toward a contemporary H1 HA. Deep mutational scanning of four antigenically distinct H1N1 viruses identified potential viral escape pathways. For the H3 mAbs, we used cryo-electron microscopy to define their epitopes: One mAb binds the side of the HA head, accommodating the N133 glycan and a pocket underneath the receptor binding site; the other mAb recognizes an HA stem epitope that partially overlaps with previously characterized mAbs but with distinct antibody variable genes. Collectively, these mAbs identify conserved sites recognized by broadly-reactive mAbs that may be elicited by next-generation vaccines. Conserved sites on the influenza H1 and H3 hemagglutinin recognized by human antibodies.,Maurer DP, Vu M, Ferreira Ramos AS, Dugan HL, Khalife P, Geoghegan JC, Walker LM, Bajic G, Schmidt AG Sci Adv. 2025 Apr 25;11(17):eadu9140. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adu9140. Epub 2025 Apr , 23. PMID:40267182[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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