9i1i
Cryo-EM structure of mouse RNF213 (WB3/WB4 + ATP)
Structural highlights
FunctionRN213_MOUSE Atypical E3 ubiquitin ligase that can catalyze ubiquitination of both proteins and lipids, and which is involved in various processes, such as lipid metabolism, angiogenesis and cell-autonomous immunity (PubMed:32573437). Acts as a key immune sensor by catalyzing ubiquitination of the lipid A moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via its RZ-type zinc-finger: restricts the proliferation of cytosolic bacteria, such as Salmonella, by generating the bacterial ubiquitin coat through the ubiquitination of LPS (PubMed:34012115). Also acts indirectly by mediating the recruitment of the LUBAC complex, which conjugates linear polyubiquitin chains (By similarity). Ubiquitination of LPS triggers cell-autonomous immunity, such as antibacterial autophagy, leading to degradation of the microbial invader (By similarity). Involved in lipid metabolism by regulating fat storage and lipid droplet formation; act by inhibiting the lipolytic process (By similarity). Also regulates lipotoxicity by inhibiting desaturation of fatty acids (By similarity). Also acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase via its RING-type zinc finger: mediates 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of target proteins (By similarity). Involved in the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway in vascular development: acts by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of FLNA and NFATC2 downstream of RSPO3, leading to inhibit the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway and promoting vessel regression (By similarity). Also has ATPase activity; ATPase activity is required for ubiquitination of LPS (PubMed:32573437).[UniProtKB:Q63HN8][1] [2] Publication Abstract from PubMedThe giant E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF213 is a conserved component of mammalian cell-autonomous immunity, limiting the replication of bacteria, viruses and parasites. To understand how RNF213 reacts to these unrelated pathogens, we employ chemical and structural biology to find that ATP binding to its ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities (AAA) core activates its E3 function. We develop methodology for proteome-wide E3 activity profiling inside living cells, revealing that RNF213 undergoes a reversible switch in E3 activity in response to cellular ATP abundance. Interferon stimulation of macrophages raises intracellular ATP levels and primes RNF213 E3 activity, while glycolysis inhibition depletes ATP and downregulates E3 activity. These data imply that ATP bears hallmarks of a danger/pathogen associated molecular pattern, coordinating cell-autonomous defence. Furthermore, quantitative labelling of RNF213 with E3-activity probes enabled us to identify the catalytic cysteine required for substrate ubiquitination and obtain a cryo-EM structure of the RNF213-E2-ubiquitin conjugation enzyme transfer intermediate, illuminating an unannotated E2 docking site. Together, our data demonstrate that RNF213 represents a new class of ATP-dependent E3 enzyme, employing distinct catalytic and regulatory mechanisms adapted to its specialised role in the broad defence against intracellular pathogens. ATP functions as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern to activate the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF213.,Ahel J, Balci A, Faas V, Grabarczyk DB, Harmo R, Squair DR, Zhang J, Roitinger E, Lamoliatte F, Mathur S, Deszcz L, Bell LE, Lehner A, Williams TL, Sowar H, Meinhart A, Wood NT, Clausen T, Virdee S, Fletcher AJ Nat Commun. 2025 May 13;16(1):4414. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59444-4. PMID:40360510[3] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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