View source for 1gsn


==HUMAN GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE MODIFIED BY DINITROSOGLUTATHIONE==
<StructureSection load='1gsn' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1gsn]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.70&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1gsn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1GSN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1GSN FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.7&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CSO:S-HYDROXYCYSTEINE'>CSO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FAD:FLAVIN-ADENINE+DINUCLEOTIDE'>FAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GSH:GLUTATHIONE'>GSH</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PO4:PHOSPHATE+ION'>PO4</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1gsn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1gsn OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1gsn PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1gsn RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1gsn PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1gsn ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GSHR_HUMAN GSHR_HUMAN] Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/gs/1gsn_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1gsn ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Nitric oxide (NO) is a pluripotent regulatory molecule, yet the molecular mechanisms by which it exerts its effects are largely unknown. Few physiologic target molecules of NO have been identified, and even for these, the modifications caused by NO remain uncharacterized. Human glutathione reductase (hGR), a central enzyme of cellular antioxidant defense, is inhibited by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and by diglutathionyl-dinitroso-iron (DNIC-[GSH]2), two in vivo transport forms of NO. Here, crystal structures of hGR inactivated by GSNO and DNIC-[GSH]2 at 1.7 A resolution provide the first picture of enzyme inactivation by NO-carriers: in GSNO-modified hGR, the active site residue Cys 63 is oxidized to an unusually stable cysteine sulfenic acid (R-SOH), whereas modification with DNIC-[GSH]2 oxidizes Cys 63 to a cysteine sulfinic acid (R-SO2H). Our results illustrate that various forms of NO can mediate distinct chemistry, and that sulfhydryl oxidation must be considered as a major mechanism of NO action.

Enzyme inactivation through sulfhydryl oxidation by physiologic NO-carriers.,Becker K, Savvides SN, Keese M, Schirmer RH, Karplus PA Nat Struct Biol. 1998 Apr;5(4):267-71. PMID:9546215<ref>PMID:9546215</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 1gsn" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Glutathione Reductase|Glutathione Reductase]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Becker K]]
[[Category: Karplus PA]]
[[Category: Keese M]]
[[Category: Savvides SN]]
[[Category: Schirmer RH]]