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| [[Image:3L6V.jpg|left|300px|thumb| Crystal Structure of ''Xanthomonas campestris'' Gyrase A C-terminal Domain, [[3l6v]]]]
| | <StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' caption='Gyrase subunit A N-terminal (cyan) and subunit B C-terminal (magenta) complex with DNA, inhibitor, sulfate and Mn+2 ion (purple) (PDB entry [[4plb]])' scene='41/410321/Cv/1'> |
| | ==Function== |
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| <applet load='3l6v.pdb' size='350' frame='true' align='right' scene="Gyrase/Gyrase_starting_scene/1" caption= 'Crystal Structure of the Xanthomonas campestris Gyrase A C-terminal Domain, [[3l6v]]' />
| | '''Gyrase (Gyr)''' is a type of topoisomerase II in prokaryotes which unwinds double stranded DNA. The DNA Gyr cutting allows the formation of a negative DNA supercoil which enables replication of DNA<ref>PMID:1657531</ref> Gyr consists of 2 subunits: GyrA and GyrB. '''Reverse gyrase''' (Top-RG) is a type of topoisomerase I which catalyses the formation of positive DNA supercoil. <ref>PMID:15673717</ref> See also [[Isomerases]]. |
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| '''Gyrase (Gyr)''' is a type of topoisomerase II in prokaryotes which unwinds double stranded DNA. The DNA Gyr cutting allows the formation of a negative DNA supercoil which enables replication of DNA. Gyr consists of 2 subunits: GyrA and GyrB. Reverse gyrase (Top-RG) is a type of topoisomerase I which catalyses the formation of positive DNA supercoil. <ref>PMID:16397501</ref>
| | ==Relevance== |
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| {{TOC limit|limit=2}}
| | GyrA inhibitor [[Ciprofloxacin]] is used as antibiotic drug. Fluoroquinolones are Gyr inhibitors used in treatment of multi drug-resistant tuberculosis<ref>PMID:15047530</ref> |
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| | == Structural highlights == |
| | <scene name='41/410321/Cv/5'>Gyrase subunit A N-terminal and subunit B C-terminal complex with DNA and inhibitor</scene>. A <scene name='41/410321/Cv/6'>potential drug interacts with both DNA strands and in the hydrophobic pocket between subunits A and B</scene><ref>PMID:24900889</ref>. Water molecules shown as red spheres. |
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| ==3D Structure of Gyrase== | | ==3D Structure of Gyrase== |
| | [[Gyrase 3D Structures]] |
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| ===Gyrase Subunit A===
| | </StructureSection> |
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| [[3l6v]] – GyrA C-terminal – ''Xanthomonas campestris'' <br />
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| [[2wl2]], [[2y3p]] – EcGyrA N-terminal+simocylinone – ''Escherichia coli''<br />
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| [[1ajb]] - EcGyrA N-terminal+novobiocin<br />
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| [[1zi0]], [[1ab4]] - EcGyrA C-terminal<br />
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| [[3ku8]] – EcGyrA fragment+CcdB<br />
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| [[1x75]] – EcGyrA14+CcdB<br />
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| [[3kua]] - GyrA fragment+CcdB – ''Vibrio fischeri''<br />
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| [[3ilw]], [[3ifz]] - MtGyrA N-terminal – ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''<br />
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| [[1suu]] - GyrA C-terminal – ''Borrelia burgdorferi''<br />
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| [[3no0]] - GyrA C-terminal – ''Aquifex aeolicus''
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| ===Gyrase Subunit B===
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| [[3g75]], [[3g7b]], [[3g7e]] – GyrB+thiazole inhibitor – ''Staphylococcus aureus''<br />
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| [[2zjt]], [[3ig0]], [[3m4i]] - MtGyrB C-terminal<br />
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| [[3cwv]] – GyrB truncated – ''Myxococcus xanthus''<br />
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| [[1kzn]], [[1ei1]] - EcGyrB N-terminal+clorobiocin<br />
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| [[1aj6]] - EcGyrB N-terminal+novobiocin<br />
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| [[1kij]] – GyrB domain+novobiocin – ''Thermus thermophilus''<br />
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| ===Gyrase Subunit A+Subunit B===
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| [[2xco]], [[2xcq]] - SaGyrB C-terminal-SaGyrA N-terminal fusion<br />
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| [[2xcr]], [[2xcs]] - SaGyrB C-terminal-SaGyrA N-terminal fusion (mutant)+DNA<br />
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| [[2xct]] - SaGyrB C-terminal-SaGyrA N-terminal fusion (mutant) +DNA+ ciprofloxacin<br />
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| [[3nuh]] – EcGyrA+EcGyrB
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| ===Reverse Gyrase===
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| [[1gku]] – AfTop-RG – ''Archaeoglobus fulgidus''<br />
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| [[1gl9]] - AfTop-RG+ADPNP<br />
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| [[3oiy]] – Top-RG helicase domain – ''Thermotoga maritima''
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| ==Additional Resources== | | ==Additional Resources== |
