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| [[Image:2nzj.png|left|200px|thumb|Crystal Structure of GTP-binding protein complex with nucleotide [[2nzj]]]]
| | <StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='46/463251/Cv/10' caption='E. coli small GTP-binding protein ERA complex with GDP and sulfate (PDB code [[3ieu]])'> |
| {{STRUCTURE_2nzj| PDB=2nzj | SIZE=300| SCENE= |right|CAPTION=GTP-binding protein complex with nucleotide [[2nzj]] }}
| | __TOC__ |
| | == Function == |
| | '''GTP-binding proteins''' or '''G proteins''' are transmitting signals outside the cell which cause changes within the cell. They act as molecular switches which are on when binding GTP and off when binding GDP. GTP-binding proteins belong to two families: '''heterotrimeric G proteins'''<ref>PMID:14762218</ref> see [[Transducin]] and '''small GTPases'''<ref>PMID:11152757</ref>. |
| | *'''Small GTPase''' structure is homologous to that of the α subunit of heterotrimeric G protein. See details on '''small GTP-binding protein LepA''' in [[LepA]]. |
| | *'''Nucleolar GTP-binding proteins''' are involved in the biogenesis of ribosome<ref>PMID:24552710</ref>. |
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| '''GTP-binding proteins''' or '''G proteins''' are transmitting signals outside the cell which cause changes within the cell. They act as molecular switches which are on when binding GTP and off when binding GDP. GTP-binding proteins belong to two families: heterotrimeric G proteins and small GTPases. The images at the left and at the right correspond to one representative G protein, ''i.e.'' the crystal structure of human GTP-binding protein complex with nucleotide ([[2nzj]]). | | *'''Heterotrimeric G protein or guanine nucleotide-binding protein or G protein''' (GNBP) are heterodimeric membrane proteins composed of α, β and γ subunits. GNBP is involved in mammalian cellular signaling pathways. GNBP α subunit binds GDP or GTP. When bound to GTP it dissociates from the β and γ subunits, binds to adenylate cyclase which converts ATP to cAMP. See also<br /> |
| | [[G protein-coupled receptor]]<br /> |
| | [[Beta2 adrenergic receptor-Gs protein complex updated]]<br /> |
| | [[Dedicator of cytokinesis protein]] |
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| {{TOC limit|limit=2}}
| | == Disease == |
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| | Mutations in heterotrimeric G protein α subunit were identified in endocrine tumors and in McCune-Albright syndrome<ref>PMID:11720871</ref>. |
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| == 3D Structures of GTP-binding protein ==
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| ===GTP-binding protein=== | | == Relevance == |
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| [[3r7w]] – yGtr1 + Gtr2 – yeast<br /> | | Rho-related small GTP-binding protein is inhibited by the antifungal drug [[Cancidas]]<ref>PMID:28760907</ref>. |
| [[2dpx]] – hRad GTPase domain - human
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| [[3kxk]], [[3kxl]] – SsHflx (mutant) - Sulfolobus solfataricus
| | == Structural highlights == |
| [[2qtf]] – SsHflx
| | ''E. coli'' <scene name='46/463251/Cv/11'>small GTPase ERA binds GDP in a cavity</scene> formed by <scene name='46/463251/Cv/9'>7 highly conserved regions G1, G4, G5</scene><ref>PMID:19706445</ref>. <scene name='46/463251/Cv/8'>GDP binding site</scene>. Water molecules are shown as red spheres. |
| [[1ega]] – EcERA – Escherichia coli
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| [[2dyk]] – TtEngA N terminal – Thermus thermophilus - Cryo EM
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| [[3cb4]] - EcLepA
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| [[2ywe]] – AaLepA
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| [[1sul]] – BsYsxC - Bacillus subtilis
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| [[2dwq]] – TtYchF
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| [[1udx]] – TtObg
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| [[1wxq]] – GBP – Pyrococcus horikoshii
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| [[1ni3]] – YchF – Schizosaccharomyces pombe
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| GTP-binding protein complex with nucleotide | | == 3D Structures of GTP-binding protein == |
| | | [[GTP-binding protein 3D structures]] |
| 2nzj – hRem1 + GDP
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| 3cbq – hRem2 + GDP
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| 2cjw, 2ht6, 2g3y – hGem G domain + GDP
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| 2ohf – hOla1 + AMP-PCP
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| 1xtq – hRheB + GDP
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| 1xts - hRheB + GTP
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| 1xtr - hRheB + GPPNHP
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| 3kxi, 2qth – SsHflx + GDP
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| 3ieu – EcERA + GDP
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| 3iev – AaERA + RNA + Mg-GNP – Aquifex aeolicus
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| 1x1l – TtERA + RNA – Cryo EM
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| 2ywf – AaLepA + GMP-PNP
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| 2ywg - AaLepA + GTP
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| 2ywh - AaLepA + GDP
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| 1yzn – yPt1 + GPPNHP
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| 1ky2 – yPt7 + GPPNHP
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| 1ky3 – yPt7 + GDP
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| 1ek0 – yPt51 + GPPNHP
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| 2hjg – BsEngA + GDP
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| 1svi – BsYsxC + GDP
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| 1svw – BsYsxC + GMPPNP
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| 1lnz – BsObg + GTP
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| 2dby – TtYchF + GDP
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| 1wf3 – Tt1341 + GNP
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| 2gao - hSar1A + GDP
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| 2fa9 – ChSar1B (mutant) + GDP – Chinese hamster
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| 2fmx - ChSar1B + GDP
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| 1byu – Ran + GDP - dog
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| GTP-binding protein complex with protein | |
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| 1ees – hCdc42 + MapK3 peptide - NMR
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| 1x18 – TtERA + RNA + RPS2 + RPS7 + RPS11 + RPS18 – Cryo EM
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| 3deg – EcLepA + A-tRNA + P-tRNA + RPS12 + RPL11 – Cryo EM
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| 3cue – yPt1 + transport protein subunits
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| 2bcg, 1ukv - yPt1 + secretory pathway GDP-dissociation inhibitor
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| 3cpj – yPt31 + Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor
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| 1m2o – ySar1 + protein transport protein sec23
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| Ras-related GTP-binding protein
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| 3llu – hC nucleotide-binding domain
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| Ras-related GTP-binding protein complex with nucleotide
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| 2l0x – Rheb + GDP – rat
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| 2gjs – hRad1 + GDP
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| 2gf0 – hDiRas1 + GDP
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| 2erx – hDiRas2 + Pi + GDP
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| 1x3s – hRab-18 + GPPNHP
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| 1yu9 - hRab-4A + GPPNHP
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| 2atx – hTc10 + GPPNHP
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| 1g16 – ySec4 + GDP
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| 1g17 - ySec4 + GIP
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| Ras-related GTP-binding protein complex with protein
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| 3kuc – hRap-1A + proto oncogene Ser/Thr protein kinase
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| 3cf6 - hRap-1A + Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4
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| 3brw - hRap-1B + Rap GTPase-activating protein
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| 1z0k – hRab-4 + rabenosyn-5
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| Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein
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| 3ljb – hMx1 stalk region
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| Rho-related GTP-binding protein
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| 2j1l – hRhoD
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| Ras-related GTP-binding protein complex with nucleotide
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| 2cls – hRho6 + GTP
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| 2fv8 - hRhoB + GDP
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| 2gcn – hRhoC + GDP
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| 2gco – hRhoC + GPPNHP
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| 1z2c - hRhoC (mutant) + GMPPNP
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| 2gcp – hRhoC + GSP
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| 1m7b - hRhoE + GTP
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| 1gwn - RhoE + GTP - mouse
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| 1a4r - hCdc42 (mutant) + GDP
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| 1an0 - hCdc42 + GDP
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| Ras-related GTP-binding protein complex with protein
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| 2v55 – hRhoE + Rho-associated protein kinase
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| 3q3j – hRho6 + plexin-A2 nucleotide-binding domain
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| 2rex – hRho6 + plexin-B1
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| 1cc0 – hRhoA + GDP-dissociation inhibitor + GDP
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| 3a58 – yRho1 (mutant) + exocyst complex component Sec3
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| 1gzs – Cdc42 + guanine nucleotide exchange factor – Salmonella typhimurium
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| 1ki1 – hCdc42 + intersectin long form
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| 1ees – hCdc42 + MapK3 peptide - NMR
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| 1doa - hCdc42 + GDP-dissociation inhibitor
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| Rac-like GTP-binding protein
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| 2wbl – AtArac2 + Rho of plant guanine nucleotide exchange factor 8 – Arabidopsis thaliana
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| 3bwd – AtArac6
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| 2nty – AtArac5 + prone8
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| 2j0v – AtArac7 (mutant)
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| Rab-related GTP-binding protein
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| 2ys8 – hRabJ DNAJ domain – NMR
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| Flagella-associated GTP-binding protein
| | </StructureSection> |
| | __NOTOC__ |
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| 2px0 – BsFlhF + GMP-PNP
| | ==See Also== |
| 2px3 – BsFlhF + GTP
| | * [[G protein-coupled receptor]] |
| | == References == |
| | <references/> |
| | [[Category:Topic Page]] [[Category:G protein]] |
