Importin: Difference between revisions

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== Function ==
== Function ==


'''Importins''' (IPO) mediate the import of cellular proteins into the nucleus by binding to the '''N'''uclear '''L'''ocalization '''S'''ignal (NLS).  IPO has 2 subunits: α and β.  '''IPO-α''' is an adaptor protein which binds the NLS<ref>PMID:9759490</ref>.  IPOs can contain one or two NLS motifs.  '''IPO-α''' contains several armadillo repeats with two NLS-binding sites and an IPO-β binding (IBB) site.  '''IPO-β''' contains 19 HEAT (solenoid domain) repeats.  Many nuclear proteins contain Phe-Gly sequences which can bind to HEAT repeats and thus be transported.  See also [[Protein Transport Membrane Protein]].
'''Importins''' (IPO) mediate the import of cellular proteins into the nucleus by binding to the '''N'''uclear '''L'''ocalization '''S'''ignal (NLS).  IPO has 2 subunits: α and β.  '''IPO-α''' is an adaptor protein which binds the NLS<ref>PMID:9759490</ref>.  IPOs can contain one or two NLS motifs.   
*'''IPO-α''' contains several armadillo repeats with two NLS-binding sites and an IPO-β binding (IBB) site.   
*'''IPO-β''' contains 19 HEAT (solenoid domain) repeats.  Many nuclear proteins contain Phe-Gly sequences which can bind to HEAT repeats and thus be transported.   
*'''IPO-4''' binds histones H3 and H4 and histone chaperone ASF1 for nuclear import<ref>PMID:36103578</ref>. 
*'''IPO-7'''  drives the nuclear import of the regulator of mechanotransduction pathway YAP<ref>PMID:35246520</ref>.
*'''IPO-9''' binds histones H2A and H2B for nuclear import<ref>PMID:30855230</ref>.
*'''IPO-13''' has a role in oxidative stress-dependent nuclear export<ref>PMID:34625540</ref>.
 
See also [[Protein Transport Membrane Protein]].


== Disease ==
== Disease ==
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== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
</StructureSection>


==3D structures of importin==
==3D structures of importin==
[[Importin 3D structures]]


Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
</StructureSection>
{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
 
*IPO-α
 
**[[1ial]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain – mouse<br />
**[[1bk5]] – yIPO NLS-binding domain - yeast<br />
**[[4tnm]] – IPO armadillo repeat domain – ''Arabidopsis thaliana''<br />
 
*''IPO-α complex with NLS peptide''
 
**[[1ejl]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + SV40 large T antigen<br />
**[[1ejy]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + nucleoplasmin <br />
**[[2ynr]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + B54NLS <br />
**[[2yns]] – rIPO NLS-binding domain + B54NLS - rice<br />
**[[1bk6]] – yIPO NLS-binding domain + SV40 large T antigen<br />
**[[1ee4]] – yIPO NLS-binding domain (mutant) + c-Myc<br />
**[[1ee5]] – yIPO NLS-binding domain (mutant) + nucleoplasmin<br />
**[[1un0]], [[2c1t]] – yIPO NLS-binding domain (mutant) + Nup2<br />
 
*''IPO-α complex with protein''
 
**[[1wa5]] – yIPO NLS-binding domain + GTPase Ran + IPO-α re-exporter<br />
 
*IPO-α 1
 
**[[3wpt]] – hIPO NLS-binding domain - human<br />
**[[4b8j]] – rIPO <br />
 
*''IPO-α 1 complex with NLS peptide''
 
**[[4mz5]], [[4mz6]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + dUTPase<br />
**[[4oih]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + guanine nucleotide exchange factor SRM1<br />
**[[4b18]] – hIPO NLS-binding domain + telomerase reverse transcriptase<br />
**[[4wv6]] – hIPO NLS-binding domain + TFIID<br />
**[[4b8o]] – rIPO NLS-binding domain + SV40<br />
**[[4b8p]] – rIPO NLS-binding domain + A89<br />
**[[4bpl]] – rIPO NLS-binding domain + nucleoplasmin<br />
**[[4bqk]] – rIPO NLS-binding domain + VirD2<br />
 
*''IPO-α 1 complex with protein''
 
**[[2jdq]] – hIPO NLS-binding domain + polymerase basic protein  2 C terminal<br />
**[[3tj3]] – hIPO NLS-binding domain + Nup50 N terminal<br />
**[[2jdq]] – hIPO NLS-binding domain + telomerase reverse transcriptase peptide<br />
**[[4uaf]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + influenza RNA polymerase<br />
 
*IPO-α 2
 
**[[3tpo]] – mIPO<br />
**[[1iq1]] – mIPO NLS-binding + autoinhibitory peptide domains<br />
**[[4e4v]] – hIPO NLS-binding domain (mutant) <br />
 
*''IPO-α 2 complex with NLS peptide''
 
**[[1pjm]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + retinoblastoma-associated protein<br />
**[[1pjn]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + histone-binding protein N1/N2<br />
**[[1q1s]], [[1q1t]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + SV40 large T antigen<br />
**[[1y2a]], [[3q5u]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + phospholipid scramblase <br />
**[[2c1m]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + Nup50<br />
**[[3btr]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + androgen receptor<br />
**[[3knd]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + targeting protein for KXLP2<br />
**[[3l3q]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + library peptide<br />
**[[3oqs]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + CLIC4<br />
**[[3rz9]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + KU80<br />
**[[3rzx]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + KU70<br />
**[[3tpm]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + MAL<br />
**[[3ve6]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus<br />
**[[3uvu]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + flap endonuclease<br />
**[[3ukw]], [[3ukx]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + BIMAX<br />
**[[3uky]], [[3ukz]], [[3ul0]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + nuclear CAP-binding protein<br />
**[[3ul1]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + nucleoplasmin <br />
**[[4htv]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + capsid protein <br />
**[[4ba3]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + A89NLS <br />
**[[3zio]], [[3zip]], [[3ziq]], [[3zir]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + minor site-specific NLS <br />
**[[3zin]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + nucleolar RNA helicase<br />
 
*''IPO-α 2 complex with protein''
 
**[[3fex]], [[3fey]] – mIPO NLS-binding domain + nuclear CAP-binding protein<br />
 
*IPO-α 3
 
**[[4uae]] – hIPO NLS-binding domain + influenza RNA polymerase<br />
 
*IPO-α 6
 
**[[4u2x]] – hIPO C terminal + ebola VP24<br />
 
*IPO-α 7
 
**[[4uad]] – hIPO NLS-binding domain + influenza RNA polymerase<br />
 
*IPO-β 1 (karyopherin β 1)
 
**[[3nd2]] – yIPO <br />
**[[1gcj]] – mIPO N terminal<br />
 
*''IPO-β 1 complex with protein''
 
**[[1qgx]], [[1qgr]] – hIPO + IPO-α 2 IBB domain<br />
**[[1ibr]] – hIPO + GTPase Ran<br />
**[[2bku]], [[3ea5]] – yIPO + GTPase Ran<br />
**[[1f59]], [[1o6p]], [[1o6o]] – hIPO + FXFG nucleoporin repeats<br />
**[[1m5n]] – hIPO HEAT repeats 1-11 + parathyroid hormone-related protein NLS peptide<br />
**[[2p8q]], [[2q5d]], [[2qna]], [[3lww]] – hIPO + RNA U transporter N terminal<br />
**[[1qgr]], [[3w5k]] – hIPO + zinc finger protein SNAI1<br />
**[[2bpt]] – yIPO + Nup1<br />
**[[1ukl]] – mIPO + SREBP-2<br />
 
*IPO-β 2 (Transportin 1)
 
**[[2z5j]], [[2qmr]] – hIPO <br />
 
*''IPO-β 2 complex with protein''
 
**[[2h4m]], [[2ot8]], [[2z5n]] – hIPO + hnRNP peptide<br />
**[[2z5k]], [[2z5m]] – hIPO + nuclear RNA export factor peptide<br />
**[[2z5o]] – hIPO + JKTBP peptide<br />
**[[4fdd]], [[4jlq]], [[4oo6]] – hIPO + RNA binding protein peptide<br />
**[[4fq3]] – hIPO + FUS peptide<br />
 
*IPO-β 3 (Karyopherin β 3)
 
**[[3w3t]] – yIPO <br />
**[[3w3u]], [[3w3v]] – yIPO (mutant)<br />
**[[3w3w]] – yIPO + STE12P<br />
**[[3w3x]] – yIPO + PHO4<br />
**[[3w3y]] – yIPO + Nup53P<br />
**[[3w3z]] – yIPO + RANGTP<br />
 
*IPO-12 (Transportin-3)
 
**[[4c0p]] – hIPO <br />
**[[4c0o]] – hIPO + serine/arginine-rich splicing factor<br />
**[[4c0q]], [[4ol0]] – hIPO + GTPase Ran<br />
 
*IPO-13 (karyopherin 13)
 
**[[2x19]] – hIPO + GTPase Ran<br />
**[[2xwu]] – hIPO + UBC9<br />
**[[3zjy]] – hIPO + GTPase Ran + EIF-1A<br />
}}


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 10:14, 2 July 2024

Structure of yeast importinα NLS-binding domain (grey) complex with nucleoplasmin peptide (green) (PDB code 1ee5).

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

References

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Joel L. Sussman

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