| Structural highlights
Disease
[FA8_HUMAN] Defects in F8 are the cause of hemophilia A (HEMA) [MIM:306700]. A disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage. About 50% of patients have severe hemophilia resulting in frequent spontaneous bleeding into joints, muscles and internal organs. Less severe forms are characterized by bleeding after trauma or surgery. Note=Of particular interest for the understanding of the function of F8 is the category of CRM (cross-reacting material) positive patients (approximately 5%) that have considerable amount of F8 in their plasma (at least 30% of normal), but the protein is non-functional; i.e. the F8 activity is much less than the plasma protein level. CRM-reduced is another category of patients in which the F8C antigen and activity are reduced to approximately the same level. Most mutations are CRM negative, and probably affect the folding and stability of the protein.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] [78]
Function
[FA8_HUMAN] Factor VIII, along with calcium and phospholipid, acts as a cofactor for factor IXa when it converts factor X to the activated form, factor Xa.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The factor VIII C2 domain is a highly immunogenic domain, whereby inhibitory antibodies develop following factor VIII replacement therapy for congenital hemophilia A patients. Inhibitory antibodies also arise spontaneously in cases of acquired hemophilia A. The structural basis for molecular recognition by 2 classes of anti-C2 inhibitory antibodies that bind to factor VIII simultaneously was investigated by x-ray crystallography. The C2 domain/3E6 FAB/G99 FAB ternary complex illustrates that each antibody recognizes epitopes on opposing faces of the factor VIII C2 domain. The 3E6 epitope forms direct contacts to the C2 domain at 2 loops consisting of Glu2181-Ala2188 and Thr2202-Arg2215, whereas the G99 epitope centers on Lys2227 and also makes direct contacts with loops Gln2222-Trp2229, Leu2261-Ser2263, His2269-Val2282, and Arg2307-Gln2311. Each binding interface is highly electrostatic, with positive charge present on both C2 epitopes and complementary negative charge on each antibody. A new model of membrane association is also presented, where the 3E6 epitope faces the negatively charged membrane surface and Arg2320 is poised at the center of the binding interface. These results illustrate the potential complexities of the polyclonal anti-factor VIII immune response and further define the "classical" and "nonclassical" types of antibody inhibitors against the factor VIII C2 domain.
Structure of the factor VIII C2 domain in a ternary complex with 2 inhibitor antibodies reveals classical and nonclassical epitopes.,Walter JD, Werther RA, Brison CM, Cragerud RK, Healey JF, Meeks SL, Lollar P, Spiegel PC Jr Blood. 2013 Dec 19;122(26):4270-8. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-08-519124. Epub 2013, Oct 1. PMID:24085769[79]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
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- ↑ Levinson B, Janco R, Phillips J 3rd, Gitschier J. A novel missense mutation in the factor VIII gene identified by analysis of amplified hemophilia DNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Dec 10;15(23):9797-805. PMID:3122181
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- ↑ Tavassoli K, Eigel A, Pollmann H, Horst J. Mutational analysis of ectopic factor VIII transcripts from hemophilia A patients: identification of cryptic splice site, exon skipping and novel point mutations. Hum Genet. 1997 Oct;100(5-6):508-11. PMID:9341862
- ↑ Liu M, Murphy ME, Thompson AR. A domain mutations in 65 haemophilia A families and molecular modelling of dysfunctional factor VIII proteins. Br J Haematol. 1998 Dec;103(4):1051-60. PMID:9886318
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- ↑ Theophilus BD, Enayat MS, Higuchi M, Kazazian HH, Antonarakis SE, Hill FG. Independent occurrence of the novel Arg2163 to His mutation in the factor VIII gene in three unrelated families with haemophila A with different phenotypes. Mutations in brief no. 126. Online. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(4):334. PMID:10215414 doi:<334::AID-HUMU20>3.0.CO;2-# 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1998)11:4<334::AID-HUMU20>3.0.CO;2-#
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- ↑ Tavassoli K, Eigel A, Dworniczak B, Valtseva E, Horst J. Identification of four novel mutations in the factor VIII gene: three missense mutations (E1875G, G2088S, I2185T) and a 2-bp deletion (1780delTC). Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S260-2. PMID:9452104
- ↑ Tavassoli K, Eigel A, Wilke K, Pollmann H, Horst J. Molecular diagnostics of 15 hemophilia A patients: characterization of eight novel mutations in the factor VIII gene, two of which result in exon skipping. Hum Mutat. 1998;12(5):301-3. PMID:9792405 doi:<301::AID-HUMU2>3.0.CO;2-G 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1998)12:5<301::AID-HUMU2>3.0.CO;2-G
- ↑ Laprise SL, Mak EK, Killoran KA, Layman LC, Gray MR. Use of denaturing gradient gel blots to screen for point mutations in the factor VIII gene. Hum Mutat. 1998;12(6):393-402. PMID:9829908 doi:<393::AID-HUMU5>3.0.CO;2-A 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1998)12:6<393::AID-HUMU5>3.0.CO;2-A
- ↑ Williams IJ, Abuzenadah A, Winship PR, Preston FE, Dolan G, Wright J, Peake IR, Goodeve AC. Precise carrier diagnosis in families with haemophilia A: use of conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis for mutation screening and polymorphism analysis. Thromb Haemost. 1998 Apr;79(4):723-6. PMID:9569180
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- ↑ Keeling DM, Sukhu K, Kemball-Cook G, Waseem N, Bagnall R, Lloyd JV. Diagnostic importance of the two-stage factor VIII:C assay demonstrated by a case of mild haemophilia associated with His1954-->Leu substitution in the factor VIII A3 domain. Br J Haematol. 1999 Jun;105(4):1123-6. PMID:10554831
- ↑ Strmecki L, Benedik-Dolnicar M, Vouk K, Komel R. Screen of 55 Slovenian haemophilia A patients: identification of 2 novel mutations (S-1R and IVS23+1G-->A) and discussion of mutation spectrum. Mutation in brief no. 241. Online. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(5):413. PMID:10338101 doi:<413::AID-HUMU14>3.0.CO;2-H 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)13:5<413::AID-HUMU14>3.0.CO;2-H
- ↑ Moller-Morlang K, Tavassoli K, Eigel A, Pollmann H, Horst J. Mutational-screening in the factor VIII gene resulting in the identification of three novel mutations, one of which is a donor splice mutation. Mutations in brief no. 245. Online. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(6):504. PMID:10408784 doi:<504::AID-HUMU14>3.0.CO;2-9 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)13:6<504::AID-HUMU14>3.0.CO;2-9
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- ↑ Liu ML, Shen BW, Nakaya S, Pratt KP, Fujikawa K, Davie EW, Stoddard BL, Thompson AR. Hemophilic factor VIII C1- and C2-domain missense mutations and their modeling to the 1.5-angstrom human C2-domain crystal structure. Blood. 2000 Aug 1;96(3):979-87. PMID:10910913
- ↑ Roelse JC, De Laaf RT, Timmermans SM, Peters M, Van Mourik JA, Voorberg J. Intracellular accumulation of factor VIII induced by missense mutations Arg593-->Cys and Asn618-->Ser explains cross-reacting material-reduced haemophilia A. Br J Haematol. 2000 Feb;108(2):241-6. PMID:10691849
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- ↑ Leuer M, Oldenburg J, Lavergne JM, Ludwig M, Fregin A, Eigel A, Ljung R, Goodeve A, Peake I, Olek K. Somatic mosaicism in hemophilia A: a fairly common event. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Jul;69(1):75-87. Epub 2001 Jun 14. PMID:11410838 doi:S0002-9297(07)61447-5
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- ↑ Vidal F, Farssac E, Altisent C, Puig L, Gallardo D. Rapid hemophilia A molecular diagnosis by a simple DNA sequencing procedure: identification of 14 novel mutations. Thromb Haemost. 2001 Apr;85(4):580-3. PMID:11341489
- ↑ Valleix S, Vinciguerra C, Lavergne JM, Leuer M, Delpech M, Negrier C. Skewed X-chromosome inactivation in monochorionic diamniotic twin sisters results in severe and mild hemophilia A. Blood. 2002 Oct 15;100(8):3034-6. PMID:12351418 doi:10.1182/blood-2002-01-0277
- ↑ Mazurier C, Parquet-Gernez A, Gaucher C, Lavergne JM, Goudemand J. Factor VIII deficiency not induced by FVIII gene mutation in a female first cousin of two brothers with haemophilia A. Br J Haematol. 2002 Nov;119(2):390-2. PMID:12406074
- ↑ Sukarova-Stefanovska E, Zisovski N, Muratovska O, Kostova S, Efremov GD. Three novel point mutations causing haemophilia A. Haemophilia. 2002 Sep;8(5):715-8. PMID:12199686
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- ↑ Frusconi S, Passerini I, Girolami F, Masieri M, Linari S, Longo G, Morfini M, Torricelli F. Identification of seven novel mutations of F8C by DHPLC. Hum Mutat. 2002 Sep;20(3):231-2. PMID:12203998 doi:10.1002/humu.9052
- ↑ Citron M, Godmilow L, Ganguly T, Ganguly A. High throughput mutation screening of the factor VIII gene (F8C) in hemophilia A: 37 novel mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation. Hum Mutat. 2002 Oct;20(4):267-74. PMID:12325022 doi:10.1002/humu.10119
- ↑ Liu ML, Nakaya S, Thompson AR. Non-inversion factor VIII mutations in 80 hemophilia A families including 24 with alloimmune responses. Thromb Haemost. 2002 Feb;87(2):273-6. PMID:11858487
- ↑ Klopp N, Oldenburg J, Uen C, Schneppenheim R, Graw J. 11 hemophilia A patients without mutations in the factor VIII encoding gene. Thromb Haemost. 2002 Aug;88(2):357-60. PMID:12195713
- ↑ Bicocchi MP, Pasino M, Lanza T, Bottini F, Boeri E, Mori PG, Molinari AC, Rosano C, Acquila M. Analysis of 18 novel mutations in the factor VIII gene. Br J Haematol. 2003 Sep;122(5):810-7. PMID:12930394
- ↑ Habart D, Kalabova D, Novotny M, Vorlova Z. Thirty-four novel mutations detected in factor VIII gene by multiplex CSGE: modeling of 13 novel amino acid substitutions. J Thromb Haemost. 2003 Apr;1(4):773-81. PMID:12871415
- ↑ Yenchitsomanus P, Akkarapatumwong V, Pung-Amritt P, Intorasoot S, Thanootarakul P, Oranwiroon S, Veerakul G, Mahasandana C. Genotype and phenotype of haemophilia A in Thai patients. Haemophilia. 2003 Mar;9(2):179-86. PMID:12614369
- ↑ Bicocchi MP, Pasino M, Lanza T, Bottini F, Molinari AC, Caprino D, Rosano C, Acquila M. Small FVIII gene rearrangements in 18 hemophilia A patients: five novel mutations. Am J Hematol. 2005 Feb;78(2):117-22. PMID:15682412 doi:10.1002/ajh.20234
- ↑ Hill M, Deam S, Gordon B, Dolan G. Mutation analysis in 51 patients with haemophilia A: report of 10 novel mutations and correlations between genotype and clinical phenotype. Haemophilia. 2005 Mar;11(2):133-41. PMID:15810915 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2005.01069.x
- ↑ Cai XH, Wang XF, Dai J, Fang Y, Ding QL, Xie F, Wang HL. Female hemophilia A heterozygous for a de novo frameshift and a novel missense mutation of factor VIII. J Thromb Haemost. 2006 Sep;4(9):1969-74. Epub 2006 Jun 27. PMID:16805874 doi:JTH2105
- ↑ Vencesla A, Corral-Rodriguez MA, Baena M, Cornet M, Domenech M, Baiget M, Fuentes-Prior P, Tizzano EF. Identification of 31 novel mutations in the F8 gene in Spanish hemophilia A patients: structural analysis of 20 missense mutations suggests new intermolecular binding sites. Blood. 2008 Apr 1;111(7):3468-78. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-08-108068. Epub 2008, Jan 9. PMID:18184865 doi:10.1182/blood-2007-08-108068
- ↑ Albanez S, Ruiz-Saez A, Boadas A, de Bosch N, Porco A. Identification of factor VIII gene mutations in patients with severe haemophilia A in Venezuela: identification of seven novel mutations. Haemophilia. 2011 Sep;17(5):e913-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2011.02500.x. Epub, 2011 Mar 4. PMID:21371196 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2011.02500.x
- ↑ Walter JD, Werther RA, Brison CM, Cragerud RK, Healey JF, Meeks SL, Lollar P, Spiegel PC Jr. Structure of the factor VIII C2 domain in a ternary complex with 2 inhibitor antibodies reveals classical and nonclassical epitopes. Blood. 2013 Dec 19;122(26):4270-8. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-08-519124. Epub 2013, Oct 1. PMID:24085769 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-08-519124
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