4c1m | pdb_00004c1m
Myeloperoxidase in complex with the revesible inhibitor HX1
Structural highlights
Disease[PERM_HUMAN] Defects in MPO are the cause of myeloperoxidase deficiency (MPOD) [MIM:254600]. A disorder characterized by decreased myeloperoxidase activity in neutrophils and monocytes that results in disseminated candidiasis.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Function[PERM_HUMAN] Part of the host defense system of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It is responsible for microbicidal activity against a wide range of organisms. In the stimulated PMN, MPO catalyzes the production of hypohalous acids, primarily hypochlorous acid in physiologic situations, and other toxic intermediates that greatly enhance PMN microbicidal activity. Publication Abstract from PubMedThe neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) promotes oxidative stress in numerous inflammatory pathologies by producing hypohalous acids. Its inadvertent activity is a prime target for pharmacological control. Previously, salicylhydroxamic acid (SHA) was reported to be a weak reversible inhibitor of MPO. We aimed to identify related hydroxamates that are good inhibitors of the enzyme. We report on three hydroxamates as the first potent reversible inhibitors of MPO. The chlorination activity of purified MPO was inhibited by 50% by 5 nM of a trifluoromethyl-substituted aromatic hydroxamate, HX1. The hydroxamates were specific for MPO in neutrophils and more potent toward MPO compared to a broad range of redox enzymes and alternative targets. Surface plasmon resonance measurements showed the strength of binding of hydroxamates to MPO correlated with the degree of enzyme inhibition. The crystal structure of MPO-HX1 revealed the inhibitor was bound within the active site cavity above the heme and blocked the substrate channel. HX1 was a mixed-type inhibitor of the halogenation activity of MPO with respect to both hydrogen peroxide and halide. Spectral analyses demonstrated that hydroxamates can act variably as substrates for MPO and convert the enzyme to a nitrosyl ferrous intermediate. This property was unrelated to their ability to inhibit MPO. We propose that aromatic hydroxamates bind tightly to the active site of MPO and prevent it from producing hypohalous acids. This mode of reversible inhibition has potential for blocking the activity of MPO and limiting oxidative stress during inflammation. Potent Reversible Inhibition of Myeloperoxidase by Aromatic Hydroxamates.,Forbes LV, Sjogren T, Auchere F, Jenkins DW, Thong B, Laughton D, Hemsley P, Pairaudeau G, Turner R, Eriksson H, Unitt JF, Kettle AJ J Biol Chem. 2013 Nov 5. PMID:24194519[6] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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