Structural highlights
Function[A311_LOXLA] Catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin. May also acts on other phosphatidyl esters. Induces complement-dependent hemolysis and dermonecrosis.[1] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedSphingomyelinases D (SMases D) from Loxosceles spider venom are the principal toxins responsible for the manifestation of dermonecrosis, intravascular hemolysis, and acute renal failure, which can result in death. These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, resulting in the formation of ceramide 1-phosphate and choline or the hydrolysis of lysophosphatidyl choline, generating the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid. This report represents the first crystal structure of a member of the sphingomyelinase D family from Loxosceles laeta (SMase I), which has been determined at 1.75-angstrom resolution using the "quick cryo-soaking" technique and phases obtained from a single iodine derivative and data collected from a conventional rotating anode x-ray source. SMase I folds as an (alpha/beta)8 barrel, the interfacial and catalytic sites encompass hydrophobic loops and a negatively charged surface. Substrate binding and/or the transition state are stabilized by a Mg2+ ion, which is coordinated by Glu32, Asp34, Asp91, and solvent molecules. In the proposed acid base catalytic mechanism, His12 and His47 play key roles and are supported by a network of hydrogen bonds between Asp34, Asp52, Trp230, Asp233, and Asn252. Structural basis for metal ion coordination and the catalytic mechanism of sphingomyelinases D.,Murakami MT, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF, Tambourgi DV, Arni RK J Biol Chem. 2005 Apr 8;280(14):13658-64. Epub 2005 Jan 14. PMID:15654080[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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