Structural highlights
FunctionPLC_STAAE Cleaves glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) anchors but not PI phosphates. Potential virulence factor. Publication Abstract from PubMedStaphylococcus aureus phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) is a secreted virulence factor for this pathogenic bacterium. A novel crystal structure shows that this PI-PLC can form a dimer via helix B, a structural feature present in all secreted, bacterial PI-PLCs that is important for membrane binding. Despite the small size of this interface, it is critical for optimal enzyme activity. Kinetic evidence, increased enzyme specific activity with increasing enzyme concentration, supports a mechanism where the PI-PLC dimerization is enhanced in membranes containing phosphatidylcholine (PC). Mutagenesis of key residues confirm that the zwitterionic phospholipid acts not by specific binding to the protein, but rather by reducing anionic lipid interactions with a cationic pocket on the surface of the S. aureus enzyme that stabilizes monomeric protein. Despite its structural and sequence similarity to PI-PLCs from other Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria, S. aureus PI-PLC appears to have a unique mechanism where enzyme activity is modulated by competition between binding of soluble anions or anionic lipids to the cationic sensor and transient dimerization on the membrane. Competition between Anion Binding and Dimerization Modulates Staphylococcus aureus Phosphatidylinositol-specific Phospholipase C Enzymatic Activity.,Cheng J, Goldstein R, Stec B, Gershenson A, Roberts MF J Biol Chem. 2012 Nov 23;287(48):40317-27. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.395277. Epub, 2012 Oct 4. PMID:23038258[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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