3nyb

Structural highlights

Function

PAP2_YEAST Catalytic subunit of the TRAMP complex which has a poly(A) RNA polymerase activity and is involved in a post-transcriptional quality control mechanism limiting inappropriate expression of genetic information. Polyadenylation is required for the degradative activity of the exosome on several of its nuclear RNA substrates like cryptic transcripts generated by RNA polymerase II and III, or hypomethylated pre-tRNAi-Met. Polyadenylates RNA processing and degradation intermediates of snRNAs, snoRNAs and mRNAs that accumulate in strains lacking a functional exosome. TRF4 is also required for proper nuclear division in mitosis, DNA damage repair and sister chromatid cohesion. Involved in the regulation of histone mRNA levels. May mediate mitotic chromosome condensation.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17]}

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

References

1. ↑ Sadoff BU, Heath-Pagliuso S, Castano IB, Zhu Y, Kieff FS, Christman MF. Isolation of mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae requiring DNA topoisomerase I. Genetics. 1995 Oct;141(2):465-79. PMID:8647385
2. ↑ Castano IB, Brzoska PM, Sadoff BU, Chen H, Christman MF. Mitotic chromosome condensation in the rDNA requires TRF4 and DNA topoisomerase I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Dev. 1996 Oct 15;10(20):2564-76. PMID:8895658
3. ↑ Castano IB, Heath-Pagliuso S, Sadoff BU, Fitzhugh DJ, Christman MF. A novel family of TRF (DNA topoisomerase I-related function) genes required for proper nuclear segregation. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996 Jun 15;24(12):2404-10. PMID:8710513
4. ↑ Walowsky C, Fitzhugh DJ, Castano IB, Ju JY, Levin NA, Christman MF. The topoisomerase-related function gene TRF4 affects cellular sensitivity to the antitumor agent camptothecin. J Biol Chem. 1999 Mar 12;274(11):7302-8. PMID:10066793
5. ↑ Wang Z, Castano IB, De Las Penas A, Adams C, Christman MF. Pol kappa: A DNA polymerase required for sister chromatid cohesion. Science. 2000 Aug 4;289(5480):774-9. PMID:10926539
6. ↑ Saitoh S, Chabes A, McDonald WH, Thelander L, Yates JR, Russell P. Cid13 is a cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase that regulates ribonucleotide reductase mRNA. Cell. 2002 May 31;109(5):563-73. PMID:12062100
7. ↑ Wang Z, Castano IB, Adams C, Vu C, Fitzhugh D, Christman MF. Structure/function analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Trf4/Pol sigma DNA polymerase. Genetics. 2002 Feb;160(2):381-91. PMID:11861546
8. ↑ Edwards S, Li CM, Levy DL, Brown J, Snow PM, Campbell JL. Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase epsilon and polymerase sigma interact physically and functionally, suggesting a role for polymerase epsilon in sister chromatid cohesion. Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Apr;23(8):2733-48. PMID:12665575
9. ↑ Kadaba S, Krueger A, Trice T, Krecic AM, Hinnebusch AG, Anderson J. Nuclear surveillance and degradation of hypomodified initiator tRNAMet in S. cerevisiae. Genes Dev. 2004 Jun 1;18(11):1227-40. Epub 2004 May 14. PMID:15145828 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1183804
10. ↑ LaCava J, Houseley J, Saveanu C, Petfalski E, Thompson E, Jacquier A, Tollervey D. RNA degradation by the exosome is promoted by a nuclear polyadenylation complex. Cell. 2005 Jun 3;121(5):713-24. PMID:15935758 doi:http://dx.doi.org/S0092-8674(05)00442-3
11. ↑ Wyers F, Rougemaille M, Badis G, Rousselle JC, Dufour ME, Boulay J, Regnault B, Devaux F, Namane A, Seraphin B, Libri D, Jacquier A. Cryptic pol II transcripts are degraded by a nuclear quality control pathway involving a new poly(A) polymerase. Cell. 2005 Jun 3;121(5):725-37. PMID:15935759 doi:http://dx.doi.org/S0092-8674(05)00443-5
12. ↑ Haracska L, Johnson RE, Prakash L, Prakash S. Trf4 and Trf5 proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibit poly(A) RNA polymerase activity but no DNA polymerase activity. Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Nov;25(22):10183-9. PMID:16260630 doi:http://dx.doi.org/25/22/10183
13. ↑ Vanacova S, Wolf J, Martin G, Blank D, Dettwiler S, Friedlein A, Langen H, Keith G, Keller W. A new yeast poly(A) polymerase complex involved in RNA quality control. PLoS Biol. 2005 Jun;3(6):e189. Epub 2005 Apr 19. PMID:15828860 doi:http://dx.doi.org/05-PLBI-RA-0095R2
14. ↑ Egecioglu DE, Henras AK, Chanfreau GF. Contributions of Trf4p- and Trf5p-dependent polyadenylation to the processing and degradative functions of the yeast nuclear exosome. RNA. 2006 Jan;12(1):26-32. PMID:16373491 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.2207206
15. ↑ Kadaba S, Wang X, Anderson JT. Nuclear RNA surveillance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Trf4p-dependent polyadenylation of nascent hypomethylated tRNA and an aberrant form of 5S rRNA. RNA. 2006 Mar;12(3):508-21. Epub 2006 Jan 23. PMID:16431988 doi:http://dx.doi.org/rna.2305406
16. ↑ Reis CC, Campbell JL. Contribution of Trf4/5 and the nuclear exosome to genome stability through regulation of histone mRNA levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 2007 Mar;175(3):993-1010. Epub 2006 Dec 18. PMID:17179095 doi:http://dx.doi.org/genetics.106.065987
17. ↑ Hamill S, Wolin SL, Reinisch KM. Structure and function of the polymerase core of TRAMP, a RNA surveillance complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Aug 9. PMID:20696927