1gkc
MMP9-inhibitor complex
Structural highlights
DiseaseMMP9_HUMAN Defects in MMP9 may be a cause of susceptibility to intervertebral disc disease (IDD) [MIM:603932; also known as lumbar disk herniation (LDH). IDD is one of the most common musculo-skeletal disorders and the predominant cause of low-back pain and unilateral leg pain.[1] Defects in MMP9 are the cause of metaphyseal anadysplasia type 2 (MANDP2) [MIM:613073. Metaphyseal anadysplasia consists of an abnormal bone development characterized by severe skeletal changes that, in contrast with the progressive course of most other skeletal dysplasias, resolve spontaneously with age. Clinical characteristics are evident from the first months of life and include slight shortness of stature and a mild varus deformity of the legs. Patients attain a normal stature in adolescence and show improvement or complete resolution of varus deformity of the legs and rhizomelic micromelia. FunctionMMP9_HUMAN May play an essential role in local proteolysis of the extracellular matrix and in leukocyte migration. Could play a role in bone osteoclastic resorption. Cleaves KiSS1 at a Gly-|-Leu bond. Cleaves type IV and type V collagen into large C-terminal three quarter fragments and shorter N-terminal one quarter fragments. Degrades fibronectin but not laminin or Pz-peptide.[2] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors are important in connective tissue re-modelling in diseases of the cardiovascular system, such as atherosclerosis. Various members of the MMP family have been shown to be expressed in atherosclerotic lesions, but MMP9 is consistently seen in inflammatory atherosclerotic lesions. MMP9 over-expression is implicated in the vascular re-modelling events preceding plaque rupture (the most common cause of acute myocardial infarction). Reduced MMP9 activity, either by genetic manipulation or through pharmacological intervention, has an impact on ventricular re-modelling following infarction. MMP9 activity may therefore represent a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of heart failure. We have determined the crystal structure, at 2.3 A resolution, of the catalytic domain of human MMP9 bound to a peptidic reverse hydroxamate inhibitor as well as the complex of the same inhibitor bound to an active-site mutant (E402Q) at 2.1 A resolution. MMP9 adopts the typical MMP fold. The catalytic centre is composed of the active-site zinc ion, co-ordinated by three histidine residues (401, 405 and 411) and the essential glutamic acid residue (402). The main differences between the catalytic domains of various MMPs occur in the S1' subsite or selectivity pocket. The S1' specificity site in MMP9 is perhaps best described as a tunnel leading toward solvent, as in MMP2 and MMP13, as opposed to the smaller pocket found in fibroblast collagenase and matrilysin. The present structure enables us to aid the design of potent and specific inhibitors for this important cardiovascular disease target. Crystal structure of human MMP9 in complex with a reverse hydroxamate inhibitor.,Rowsell S, Hawtin P, Minshull CA, Jepson H, Brockbank SM, Barratt DG, Slater AM, McPheat WL, Waterson D, Henney AM, Pauptit RA J Mol Biol. 2002 May 24;319(1):173-81. PMID:12051944[3] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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