2cgo is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
HIF1N_HUMAN Hydroxylates HIF-1 alpha at 'Asp-803' in the C-terminal transactivation domain (CAD). Functions as an oxygen sensor and, under normoxic conditions, the hydroxylation prevents interaction of HIF-1 with transcriptional coactivators including Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator. Involved in transcriptional repression through interaction with HIF1A, VHL and histone deacetylases. Hydroxylates specific Asn residues within ankyrin repeat domains (ARD) of NFKB1, NFKBIA, NOTCH1, ASB4, PPP1R12A and several other ARD-containing proteins. Also hydroxylates Asp and His residues within ARDs of ANK1 and TNKS2, respectively. Negatively regulates NOTCH1 activity, accelerating myogenic differentiation. Positively regulates ASB4 activity, promoting vascular differentiation.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
In humans both the levels and activity of the alpha-subunit of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-alpha) are regulated by its post-translation hydroxylation as catalyzed by iron- and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylases (PHD1-3 and factor-inhibiting HIF (FIH), respectively). One consequence of hypoxia is the accumulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (TCAIs). In vitro assays were used to assess non-2OG TCAIs as inhibitors of purified PHD2 and FIH. Under the assay conditions, no significant FIH inhibition was observed by the TCAIs or pyruvate, but fumarate, succinate, and isocitrate inhibited PHD2. Mass spectrometric analyses under nondenaturing conditions were used to investigate the binding of TCAIs to PHD2 and supported the solution studies. X-ray crystal structures of FIH in complex with Fe(II) and fumarate or succinate revealed similar binding modes for each in the 2OG co-substrate binding site. The in vitro results suggest that the cellular inhibition of PHD2, but probably not FIH, by fumarate and succinate may play a role in the Warburg effect providing that appropriate relative concentrations of the components are achieved under physiological conditions.
Structural and mechanistic studies on the inhibition of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor hydroxylases by tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates.,Hewitson KS, Lienard BM, McDonough MA, Clifton IJ, Butler D, Soares AS, Oldham NJ, McNeill LA, Schofield CJ J Biol Chem. 2007 Feb 2;282(5):3293-301. Epub 2006 Nov 29. PMID:17135241[9]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑Lando D, Peet DJ, Gorman JJ, Whelan DA, Whitelaw ML, Bruick RK. FIH-1 is an asparaginyl hydroxylase enzyme that regulates the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor. Genes Dev. 2002 Jun 15;16(12):1466-71. PMID:12080085 doi:10.1101/gad.991402
↑Hewitson KS, McNeill LA, Riordan MV, Tian YM, Bullock AN, Welford RW, Elkins JM, Oldham NJ, Bhattacharya S, Gleadle JM, Ratcliffe PJ, Pugh CW, Schofield CJ. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) asparagine hydroxylase is identical to factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) and is related to the cupin structural family. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 19;277(29):26351-5. Epub 2002 May 31. PMID:12042299 doi:10.1074/jbc.C200273200
↑Cockman ME, Lancaster DE, Stolze IP, Hewitson KS, McDonough MA, Coleman ML, Coles CH, Yu X, Hay RT, Ley SC, Pugh CW, Oldham NJ, Masson N, Schofield CJ, Ratcliffe PJ. Posttranslational hydroxylation of ankyrin repeats in IkappaB proteins by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) asparaginyl hydroxylase, factor inhibiting HIF (FIH). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Oct 3;103(40):14767-72. Epub 2006 Sep 26. PMID:17003112
↑Zheng X, Linke S, Dias JM, Zheng X, Gradin K, Wallis TP, Hamilton BR, Gustafsson M, Ruas JL, Wilkins S, Bilton RL, Brismar K, Whitelaw ML, Pereira T, Gorman JJ, Ericson J, Peet DJ, Lendahl U, Poellinger L. Interaction with factor inhibiting HIF-1 defines an additional mode of cross-coupling between the Notch and hypoxia signaling pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Mar 4;105(9):3368-73. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.0711591105. Epub 2008 Feb 25. PMID:18299578 doi:10.1073/pnas.0711591105
↑Webb JD, Muranyi A, Pugh CW, Ratcliffe PJ, Coleman ML. MYPT1, the targeting subunit of smooth-muscle myosin phosphatase, is a substrate for the asparaginyl hydroxylase factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor (FIH). Biochem J. 2009 May 13;420(2):327-33. doi: 10.1042/BJ20081905. PMID:19245366 doi:10.1042/BJ20081905
↑Coleman ML, McDonough MA, Hewitson KS, Coles C, Mecinovic J, Edelmann M, Cook KM, Cockman ME, Lancaster DE, Kessler BM, Oldham NJ, Ratcliffe PJ, Schofield CJ. Asparaginyl hydroxylation of the Notch ankyrin repeat domain by factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor. J Biol Chem. 2007 Aug 17;282(33):24027-38. Epub 2007 Jun 15. PMID:17573339 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M704102200
↑Yang M, Chowdhury R, Ge W, Hamed RB, McDonough MA, Claridge TD, Kessler BM, Cockman ME, Ratcliffe PJ, Schofield CJ. Factor-Inhibiting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (FIH) Catalyses the Posttranslational Hydroxylation of Histidinyl Residues within Ankyrin Repeat Domains. FEBS J. 2011 Jan 20. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08022.x. PMID:21251231 doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08022.x
↑Yang M, Ge W, Chowdhury R, Claridge TD, Kramer HB, Schmierer B, McDonough MA, Gong L, Kessler BM, Ratcliffe PJ, Coleman ML, Schofield CJ. Asparagine and aspartate hydroxylation of the cytoskeletal ankyrin family is catalyzed by factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor. J Biol Chem. 2011 Mar 4;286(9):7648-60. Epub 2010 Dec 22. PMID:21177872 doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.193540
↑Hewitson KS, Lienard BM, McDonough MA, Clifton IJ, Butler D, Soares AS, Oldham NJ, McNeill LA, Schofield CJ. Structural and mechanistic studies on the inhibition of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor hydroxylases by tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. J Biol Chem. 2007 Feb 2;282(5):3293-301. Epub 2006 Nov 29. PMID:17135241 doi:10.1074/jbc.M608337200
