3ng5 is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
TTHY_HUMAN Defects in TTR are the cause of amyloidosis transthyretin-related (AMYL-TTR) [MIM:105210. A hereditary generalized amyloidosis due to transthyretin amyloid deposition. Protein fibrils can form in different tissues leading to amyloid polyneuropathies, amyloidotic cardiomyopathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, systemic senile amyloidosis. The disease includes leptomeningeal amyloidosis that is characterized by primary involvement of the central nervous system. Neuropathologic examination shows amyloid in the walls of leptomeningeal vessels, in pia arachnoid, and subpial deposits. Some patients also develop vitreous amyloid deposition that leads to visual impairment (oculoleptomeningeal amyloidosis). Clinical features include seizures, stroke-like episodes, dementia, psychomotor deterioration, variable amyloid deposition in the vitreous humor.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] Defects in TTR are a cause of hyperthyroxinemia dystransthyretinemic euthyroidal (HTDE) [MIM:145680. It is a condition characterized by elevation of total and free thyroxine in healthy, euthyroid persons without detectable binding protein abnormalities.[73] Defects in TTR are a cause of carpal tunnel syndrome type 1 (CTS1) [MIM:115430. It is a condition characterized by entrapment of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. Symptoms include burning pain and paresthesias involving the ventral surface of the hand and fingers which may radiate proximally. Impairment of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve and thenar muscle atrophy may occur. This condition may be associated with repetitive occupational trauma, wrist injuries, amyloid neuropathies, rheumatoid arthritis.[74]
Function
TTHY_HUMAN Thyroid hormone-binding protein. Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain.[75]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Amyloid fibril formation is associated with protein misfolding disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is a hereditary disease caused by a point mutation of the human plasma protein, transthyretin (TTR), which binds and transports thyroxine (T(4)). TTR variants contribute to the pathogenesis of amyloidosis by forming amyloid fibrils in the extracellular environment. A recent report showed that epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol component of green tea, binds to TTR and suppresses TTR amyloid fibril formation. However, structural analysis of EGCG binding to TTR has not yet been conducted. Here we first investigated the crystal structure of the EGCG-V30M TTR complex and found novel binding sites distinct from the thyroxine binding site, suggesting that EGCG has a mode of action different from those of previous chemical compounds that were shown to bind and stabilize the TTR tetramer structure. Furthermore, EGCG induced the oligomerization and monomer suppression in the cellular system of clinically reported TTR variants. Taken together, these findings suggest the possibility that EGCG may be a candidate compound for FAP therapy.
The Crystal Structure of the Green Tea Polyphenol (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-Transthyretin Complex Reveals a Novel Binding Site Distinct from the Thyroxine Binding Site .,Miyata M, Sato T, Kugimiya M, Sho M, Nakamura T, Ikemizu S, Chirifu M, Mizuguchi M, Nabeshima Y, Suwa Y, Morioka H, Arimori T, Suico MA, Shuto T, Sako Y, Momohara M, Koga T, Morino-Koga S, Yamagata Y, Kai H Biochemistry. 2010 Jul 1. PMID:20565072[76]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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↑Wallace MR, Dwulet FE, Conneally PM, Benson MD. Biochemical and molecular genetic characterization of a new variant prealbumin associated with hereditary amyloidosis. J Clin Invest. 1986 Jul;78(1):6-12. PMID:3722385 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI112573
↑Wallace MR, Dwulet FE, Williams EC, Conneally PM, Benson MD. Identification of a new hereditary amyloidosis prealbumin variant, Tyr-77, and detection of the gene by DNA analysis. J Clin Invest. 1988 Jan;81(1):189-93. PMID:2891727 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI113293
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↑Ueno S, Uemichi T, Takahashi N, Soga F, Yorifuji S, Tarui S. Two novel variants of transthyretin identified in Japanese cases with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy: transthyretin (Glu42 to Gly) and transthyretin (Ser50 to Arg). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Jun 29;169(3):1117-21. PMID:2363717
↑Saeki Y, Ueno S, Yorifuji S, Sugiyama Y, Ide Y, Matsuzawa Y. New mutant gene (transthyretin Arg 58) in cases with hereditary polyneuropathy detected by non-isotope method of single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Oct 15;180(1):380-5. PMID:1656975
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↑Saraiva MJ, Almeida Mdo R, Sherman W, Gawinowicz M, Costa P, Costa PP, Goodman DS. A new transthyretin mutation associated with amyloid cardiomyopathy. Am J Hum Genet. 1992 May;50(5):1027-30. PMID:1570831
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↑Uemichi T, Murrell JR, Zeldenrust S, Benson MD. A new mutant transthyretin (Arg 10) associated with familial amyloid polyneuropathy. J Med Genet. 1992 Dec;29(12):888-91. PMID:1362222
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↑Moses AC, Rosen HN, Moller DE, Tsuzaki S, Haddow JE, Lawlor J, Liepnieks JJ, Nichols WC, Benson MD. A point mutation in transthyretin increases affinity for thyroxine and produces euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia. J Clin Invest. 1990 Dec;86(6):2025-33. PMID:1979335 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI114938
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↑Herbert J, Wilcox JN, Pham KT, Fremeau RT Jr, Zeviani M, Dwork A, Soprano DR, Makover A, Goodman DS, Zimmerman EA, et al.. Transthyretin: a choroid plexus-specific transport protein in human brain. The 1986 S. Weir Mitchell award. Neurology. 1986 Jul;36(7):900-11. PMID:3714052
↑Miyata M, Sato T, Kugimiya M, Sho M, Nakamura T, Ikemizu S, Chirifu M, Mizuguchi M, Nabeshima Y, Suwa Y, Morioka H, Arimori T, Suico MA, Shuto T, Sako Y, Momohara M, Koga T, Morino-Koga S, Yamagata Y, Kai H. The Crystal Structure of the Green Tea Polyphenol (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-Transthyretin Complex Reveals a Novel Binding Site Distinct from the Thyroxine Binding Site . Biochemistry. 2010 Jul 1. PMID:20565072 doi:10.1021/bi1004409
